{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:48:44Z","timestamp":1788914924477,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 NS141756"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 NS141756"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 CA262311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA262311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 CA118816"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 CA118816"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 CA097257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 CA097257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UH3 CA298961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3 CA298961"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54 CA302452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 CA302452"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Trenchard Family Charitable Fund"},{"name":"Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of Northwestern University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Meningioma brain invasion encumbers surgical resection and increases the risk of tumor recurrence, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify molecular and cellular features of brain-invasive meningiomas, we (1) analyzed bulk RNA sequencing data from 199 meningiomas, including 33 brain-invasive tumors, (2) analyzed patient-matched single-cell RNA sequencing data of spatially mapped meningioma samples from the tumor core or brain-tumor interface (BTI), and (3) performed spatial transcriptomic sequencing of brain-invasive meningioma samples. Multiplexed immunofluorescence (IF) was used to validate bioinformatic spatial expression patterns. Functional interactions between meningioma cells and neurons were studied in meningioma\/neuron cocultures using confocal microscopy, multielectrode array recordings, and live cell calcium imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transcriptomic analyses showed conserved enrichment of TGM2, S100A11, ZYX, and PDGFRA at the BTI across bulk, single-cell, and spatial RNA sequencing datasets. The expression of these genes at the BTI was confirmed using multiplexed IF, and single-cell bioinformatic and microscopy analyses further demonstrated enrichment of macrophages at the BTI. Coculture assays showed neuronal hyperexcitability and increased proliferation of meningioma cells, suggesting functional communication between meningioma cells and the tumor microenvironment may contribute to meningioma growth in cases with brain invasion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Meningioma brain invasion is defined by molecular remodeling of tumor cells and functional interactions within the tumor microenvironment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaf292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T12:33:21Z","timestamp":1767011601000},"page":"926-938","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Meningioma cell reprogramming and microenvironment interactions underlie brain invasion"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Ayush","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W","family":"Youngblood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiebaud","family":"Picart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon , Bron,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hinda","family":"Najem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sena","family":"Oten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha A","family":"Cady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen T","family":"Magill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig M","family":"Horbinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P","family":"Chandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy B","family":"Heimberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7371-7059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanish","family":"Mirchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn L","family":"Hervey-Jumper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R","family":"Raleigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026043000065687100_noaf292-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iv1","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noad149","article-title":"CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 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