{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:50:55Z","timestamp":1791186655224,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a devastating complication of cancer, and its incidence is rising. The inaugural LMD Think Tank Meeting took place in 2023 during the Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Central Nervous System (CNS) annual meeting, convening an international group of clinicians and scientists dedicated to understanding and treating LMD in a multidisciplinary fashion. While this meeting laid the foundation for a SNO\/ASCO consensus review on the clinical management of LMD, the frequent exclusion of LMD patients from trials was identified as a clear and pervasive challenge. To address this gap, a follow-up assembly convened in 2024 with a goal of developing an SNO\/ASCO consensus on best practices for clinical research; this included addressing the role of industry and basic scientists in clinical trials, providing guidance for improved clinical trial design, and accelerating the enrollment of LMD patients into clinical trials. Academic-industry partnerships and multi-institutional collaborations are crucial to advance our understanding of LMD, expand treatment access, and ultimately, improve survival and quality of life for our patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noag126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T11:47:59Z","timestamp":1779882479000},"page":"2299-2312","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Breaking barriers in leptomeningeal disease: A Society for Neuro-Oncology and The American Society of Clinical Oncology consensus review on clinical trial design and basic science integration"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1383-5704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda","family":"Pi\u00f1a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurooncology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4087-3482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxine","family":"Umeh Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis , Sacramento, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9029-1248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrienne","family":"Boire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3985-253X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio, TX ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Ross","family":"Camidge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2084-3959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3756-8594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter A","family":"Forsyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2965-9231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Hayden Gephart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0473-658X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Olayinka Kamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5923-0677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priya","family":"Kumthekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3355-5179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eudocia","family":"Quant Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9408-3278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilie","family":"Le Rhun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich , Zurich,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5854-0251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Pentsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6006-0126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Piccioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, University of San Diego Health , San Diego, CA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of San Diego Health , San Diego, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3228-2896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Remsik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Laboratory for Immunology of Metastatic Ecosystems, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB , Leuven,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Oncology, KU Leuven , Leuven,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6796-9145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inna","family":"Smalley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism and Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3584-023X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Wefel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1748-174X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Weller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich , Zurich,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2919-1360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Wilcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0275-6968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan T","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0289-2319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seema","family":"Nagpal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4530-7765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella Claudia","family":"Glitza Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B1","first-page":"240","volume-title":"Neurologic Complications of Cancer","author":"Deangelis","year":"2009","edition":"2nd"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-017-2452-6","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment patterns for patients with leptomeningeal metastasis from solid tumors across Europe","volume":"133","author":"Le Rhun","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.06.001","article-title":"Identifying the genomic landscape of EGFR-mutant lung cancers with central nervous system metastases","volume":"36","author":"Wilcox","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2009.05.005","article-title":"Diagnostic tools for neoplastic meningitis: detecting disease, identifying patient risk, and determining benefit of treatment","volume":"36","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000274","article-title":"A rare case of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in a patient with uveal melanoma: case report and review of literature","volume":"26","author":"Fedorenko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1215\/15228517-2008-062","article-title":"Prognostic factors and outcomes in patients with leptomeningeal melanomatosis","volume":"10","author":"Harstad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.05.019","article-title":"Survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer having leptomeningeal metastases treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"116","author":"Hendriks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S265","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.111304","article-title":"Carcinomatous meningitis: leptomeningeal metastases in solid tumors","volume":"4","author":"Le Rhun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int."},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B9","first-page":"579","article-title":"Intracranial metastases from systemic cancer","volume":"19","author":"Posner","year":"1978","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1215\/15228517-2007-058","article-title":"Brain and leptomeningeal metastases from cutaneous melanoma: survival outcomes based on clinical features","volume":"10","author":"Raizer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21322","article-title":"Leptomeningeal metastases from small cell lung carcinoma","volume":"104","author":"Seute","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30147","article-title":"Managing leptomeningeal melanoma metastases in the era of immune and targeted therapy","volume":"139","author":"Smalley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-013-1092-8","article-title":"A retrospective case series of 103 consecutive patients with leptomeningeal metastasis and breast cancer","volume":"113","author":"Le Rhun","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/s0733-8619(02)00032-4","article-title":"Leptomeningeal metastases","volume":"21","author":"Kesari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0918-0","article-title":"Single-arm, open-label phase 2 trial of pembrolizumab in patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis","volume":"26","author":"Brastianos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-013-1244-x","article-title":"Survival of breast cancer patients with meningeal carcinomatosis treated by intrathecal thiotepa","volume":"115","author":"Comte","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-010-0524-y","article-title":"Meningeal carcinomatosis in breast cancer: prognostic factors and outcome","volume":"104","author":"de Azevedo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq232","article-title":"Survival of breast cancer patients with meningeal carcinomatosis","volume":"21","author":"Gauthier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12861","article-title":"Leptomeningeal disease in melanoma patients: an update to treatment, challenges, and future directions","volume":"33","author":"Glitza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-007-9340-4","article-title":"Breast cancer leptomeningeal metastasis--the role of multimodality treatment","volume":"84","author":"Rudnicka","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noae103","article-title":"Leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors: a society for neuro-oncology and American Society of Clinical Oncology consensus review on clinical management and future directions","volume":"26","author":"Wilcox","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2021.08.009","article-title":"Leptomeningeal disease","volume":"36","author":"Pina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iv84","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx221","article-title":"EANO-ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with leptomeningeal metastasis from solid tumours","volume":"28","author":"Le Rhun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Oncol."},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vdae071","DOI":"10.1093\/noajnl\/vdae071","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of the diagnostic and prognostic performance of CNSide versus standard cytology for leptomeningeal disease","volume":"6","author":"Appel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurooncol Adv"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03744-1","article-title":"Patritumab deruxtecan in leptomeningeal metastatic disease of solid tumors: the phase 2 TUXEDO-3 trial","volume":"31","author":"Preusser","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.17.1485","article-title":"Postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of single metastases to the brain: a randomized trial","volume":"280","author":"Patchell","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B27","first-page":"558","article-title":"Predictors of neurologic and nonneurologic death in patients with brain metastasis initially treated with upfront stereotactic radiosurgery without whole-brain radiation therapy","volume":"19","author":"McTyre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2174\/157488408783329931","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of trastuzumab","volume":"3","author":"Leveque","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e344","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00297-8","article-title":"National Cancer Institute Collaborative Workshop on Shaping the Landscape of Brain Metastases Research: challenges and recommended priorities","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2018.10.025","article-title":"Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the quantification of nivolumab and pembrolizumab in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"164","author":"Pluim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458508098268","article-title":"Rituximab levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurological autoimmune disorders","volume":"15","author":"Petereit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02170-x","article-title":"Concurrent intrathecal and intravenous nivolumab in leptomeningeal disease: phase 1 trial interim results","volume":"29","author":"Glitza Oliva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/62033","article-title":"A murine ommaya xenograft model to study direct-targeted therapy of leptomeningeal disease","author":"Law","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B34","first-page":"484","article-title":"Leptomeningeal metastases: a RANO proposal for response criteria","volume":"19","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz024","article-title":"The RANO Leptomeningeal Metastasis Group proposal to assess response to treatment: lack of feasibility and clinical utility and a revised proposal","volume":"21","author":"Le Rhun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0000000000001317","article-title":"Whole-body 18-F-FDG-PET in patients with leptomeningeal disease and correlation with MRI","volume":"42","author":"Panda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6863","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-23-286","article-title":"The sensitivity and specificity of (18)F-FDG PET\/CT in spinal leptomeningeal metastases: the synergistic effect of the (18)F-FDG PET-CT to gadolinium-enhanced MRI","volume":"13","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16213686","article-title":"Diagnostics and screening in breast cancer with brain and leptomeningeal metastasis: a review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Cohen-Nowak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5376","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19175-0","article-title":"Circulating tumour DNA from the cerebrospinal fluid allows the characterisation and monitoring of medulloblastoma","volume":"11","author":"Escudero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.66.6487","article-title":"Evaluating cancer of the Central nervous system through next-generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"34","author":"Pentsova","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15133532","article-title":"Cell-free DNA extracted from CSF for the molecular diagnosis of pediatric embryonal brain tumors","volume":"15","author":"Chicard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18758","article-title":"Combining MYD88 L265P mutation detection and clonality determination on CSF cellular and cell-free DNA improves diagnosis of primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"201","author":"Bravetti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab299","article-title":"Liquid biopsy detection of genomic alterations in pediatric brain tumors from cell-free DNA in peripheral blood, CSF, and urine","volume":"24","author":"Pages","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/PO.20.00188","article-title":"Genomic characterization of a RET inhibitor-resistant RET fusion-positive lung cancer by CSF cell-free DNA hybrid capture-based sequencing","volume":"4","author":"Choudhury","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6266","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-2066","article-title":"Electronic DNA analysis of CSF cell-free tumor DNA to quantify multi-gene molecular response in pediatric high-grade glioma","volume":"26","author":"Bruzek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2020.07.034","article-title":"CSF cell-free DNA EGFR testing using DdPCR holds promise over conventional modalities for diagnosing leptomeningeal involvement in patients with non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"148","author":"Suryavanshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00155","article-title":"G-CSF infusion for stem cell mobilization transiently increases serum cell-free DNA and protease concentrations","volume":"7","author":"Stoikou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-019-0692-8","article-title":"Tumor cell-free DNA detection in CSF for primary CNS lymphoma diagnosis","volume":"7","author":"Rimelen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00103","article-title":"Cell-free mitochondrial DNA in the CSF: a potential prognostic biomarker of anti-NMDAR encephalitis","volume":"10","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026100502520120400_noag126-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-015-0384-5","article-title":"Cell-free mitochondrial DNA in CSF is associated with early viral rebound, inflammation, and severity of neurocognitive deficits in HIV infection","volume":"22","author":"Perez-Santiago","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"}],"container-title":["Neuro-Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noag126\/68412707\/noag126.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/article-pdf\/28\/10\/2299\/68412707\/noag126.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/article-pdf\/28\/10\/2299\/68412707\/noag126.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:52:07Z","timestamp":1791183127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/article\/28\/10\/2299\/8696306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noag126","relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-8517","1523-5866"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-8517","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-5866","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]}}}