{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:07:49Z","timestamp":1792786069929,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS131474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS131474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 CA151022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 CA151022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35 1R35NS142982-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35 1R35NS142982-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01LM013897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01LM013897"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50CA097257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50CA097257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-19-1-0348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-19-1-0348"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001227","name":"T.J. Martell Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"American Brain Tumor Association Basic Research Fellowship","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03w32n732","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Karl Schmidt Oligodendroglioma Research Fund","award":["BRF2500040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BRF2500040"]}]},{"name":"Cancer Research Society Postdoctoral Fellowship","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00t38a349","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014547","name":"Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000953","name":"Alliance for Cancer Gene Therapy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000953","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"UCSF Brain Tumor SPORE Biorepository"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 CA097257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 CA097257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In brain tumors, the immunosuppressive microenvironment leads to tumor aggressiveness and immunotherapy resistance. To identify factors that regulate the glioma-immune landscape, we took advantage of the disease trajectory of the MAPK-driven glioma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA), which evolves from an immune-rich low-grade tumor to an aggressive glioma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a multiomics approach that included single-nucleus RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and spatial proteomics, a cohort of 38 tumors, including 10 longitudinal pairs, was profiled.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tumor progression was associated with transition to a more proliferative progenitor state and increased hypoxia. Hypoxic reprogramming of the immune landscape included increased TGF-\u03b2 signaling and altered chemokine signaling, including decreased CXC-chemokine ligand 14 (CXCL14) and CXCL16-CXCR6 signaling important in immune cell recruitment and activation. The resulting immune landscape was spatially reorganized with reduced HLA class II expression, reduced CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, and dominated by immunosuppressive myeloid cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypoxia and chemokine signaling emerged as key components of the glioma-immune landscape that evolve with tumor progression. These findings identify potential therapeutic opportunities in PXA, and they argue that optimal immunomodulatory strategies in glioma will differ along the disease trajectory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noag147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T12:49:28Z","timestamp":1782823768000},"page":"2384-2400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MAPK-driven glioma progression and reprogramming of the tumor-associated immune response"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Elaheh","family":"Hashemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9646-5846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravishkumar Lakshmi","family":"Akshaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Institute of Systems Medicine (ISM), Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8430-3546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spencer","family":"Bergland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0276-6590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadeesha","family":"Piyadasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0701-0565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolene S","family":"Ranek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2376-6781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viva","family":"Voong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8926-9353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditya","family":"Kshirsagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anny","family":"Shai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Oberlton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anupam","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1983-4892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitchel S","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2480-4700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward F","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C","family":"Oldham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6282-6583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert M","family":"Prins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1341-2453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean C","family":"Bendall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1531-5067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4699-260X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shawn L","family":"Hervey-Jumper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0076-9920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideho","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9059-9501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3789-8120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna J","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-022-00475-x","article-title":"A single-cell atlas of glioblastoma evolution under therapy reveals cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic therapeutic targets","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4185","article-title":"The role of microglia and macrophages in glioma maintenance and progression","volume":"19","author":"Hambardzumyan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.12.013","article-title":"Glioblastoma evolution and heterogeneity from a 3D whole-tumor perspective","volume":"187","author":"Mathur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.04.004","article-title":"Molecular, pathological, radiological, and immune profiling of non-brainstem pediatric high-grade glioma from the HERBY phase II randomized trial","volume":"33","author":"Mackay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.06.003","article-title":"Tumor evolution of glioma-intrinsic gene expression subtypes associates with immunological changes in the microenvironment","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e43339","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043339","article-title":"Increased microglia\/macrophage gene expression in a subset of adult and pediatric astrocytomas","volume":"7","author":"Engler","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.09.007","article-title":"Microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages drive progression of pediatric high-grade gliomas and are transcriptionally shaped by histone mutations","volume":"57","author":"Ross","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90644","article-title":"Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations suppress STAT1 and CD8+ T cell accumulation in gliomas","volume":"127","author":"Kohanbash","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.08.017","article-title":"Integrated molecular meta-analysis of 1,000 pediatric high-grade and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma","volume":"32","author":"Mackay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-2830","article-title":"CXCL14 promotes a robust brain tumor-associated immune response in glioma","volume":"28","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e151239","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI151239","article-title":"Randomized trial of neoadjuvant vaccina\u00adtion with tumor-cell lysate induces T cell response in low-grade gliomas","volume":"132","author":"Ogino","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaaa0984","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa0984","article-title":"A single dose of peripherally infused EGFRvIII-directed CAR T cells mediates antigen loss and induces adaptive resistance in patients with recurrent glioblastoma","volume":"9","author":"O\u2019Rourke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0349-y","article-title":"Immune and genomic correlates of response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in glioblastoma","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-021-00260-2","article-title":"ERK1\/2 phosphorylation predicts survival following anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma","volume":"2","author":"Arrieta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","article-title":"Glioma-intrinsic MAPK\/ERK signaling promotes immunotherapy efficacy through T cell infiltration and interferon responses.","author":"Kim KS, Zhang J, Arrieta VA, et al.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-74124-7"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12217","article-title":"Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: natural history and long-term follow-up","volume":"25","author":"Ida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Pathol Zurich Switz"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12639","article-title":"The genetic landscape of anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma","volume":"29","author":"Phillips","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Pathol Zurich Switz"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1616-3","article-title":"Activating NRF1-BRAF and ATG7-RAF1 fusions in anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma without BRAF p.V600E mutation","volume":"132","author":"Phillips","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.11.006","article-title":"Multi-omic landscape of human gliomas from diagnosis to treatment and recurrence","volume":"44","author":"Piyadasa","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-026-01122-5","article-title":"The automated computational workflow QUICHE reveals structural definitions of antitumor responses in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"7","author":"Ranek","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.06.024","article-title":"An integrative model of cellular states, plasticity, and genetics for glioblastoma","volume":"178","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2022.12.007","article-title":"MHC class II-restricted antigen presentation is required to prevent dysfunction of cytotoxic T cells by blood-borne myeloids in brain tumors","volume":"41","author":"Kilian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6662","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121623109","article-title":"The CD47-signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPa) interaction is a therapeutic target for human solid tumors","volume":"109","author":"Willingham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08633-8","article-title":"Programs, origins and immunomodulatory functions of myeloid cells in glioma","volume":"640","author":"Miller","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.048","article-title":"Integrated analysis of multimodal single-cell data","volume":"184","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14851","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-016-5331-4","article-title":"Transcription factor HIF1A: downstream targets, associated pathways, polymorphic hypoxia response element (HRE) sites, and initiative for standardization of reporting in scientific literature","volume":"37","author":"Slemc","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumour Biol"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.03.029","article-title":"Integrative spatial analysis reveals a multi-layered organization of glioblastoma","volume":"187","author":"Greenwald","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1215\/S1152851704001115","article-title":"Hypoxia and the hypoxia-inducible-factor pathway in glioma growth and angiogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Kaur","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.08.078","article-title":"Human tissue-resident memory T cells are defined by core transcriptional and functional signatures in lymphoid and mucosal sites","volume":"20","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055805","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1055805","article-title":"Identification and classification of distinct surface markers of T regulatory cells","volume":"13","author":"Wegrzyn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.2.763","article-title":"Activated human T cells accomplish MHC class II expression through T cell-specific occupation of class II transactivator promoter III","volume":"168","author":"Holling","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Ranek","year":"2025","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.01.06.631548"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38221","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-22137-5","article-title":"The involvement of microglia and the CXCL16-CXCR6 axis in the recruitment of CD8+ T cells to an amyloidogenic mouse brain","volume":"15","author":"Zattoni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-025-02371-6","article-title":"CXCL16 knockout inhibit asthma airway inflammation by suppressing H2-DM molecular mediated antigen presentation","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331287","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1331287","article-title":"The CXCL16-CXCR6 axis in glioblastoma modulates T-cell activity in a spatiotemporal context","volume":"14","author":"Chia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01604-z","article-title":"CXCR6 orchestrates brain CD8+ T cell residency and limits mouse Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology","volume":"24","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-022-01111-0","article-title":"Single-cell RNA transcriptome analysis of CNS immune cells reveals CXCL16\/CXCR6 as maintenance factors for tissue-resident T cells that drive synapse elimination","volume":"14","author":"Rosen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-019-0911-6","article-title":"CXCL14 suppresses human papillomavirus-associated head and neck cancer through antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses by upregulating MHC-I expression","volume":"38","author":"Westrich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlaa051","article-title":"Exploring DNA methylation for prognosis and analyzing the tumor microenvironment in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma","volume":"79","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12495","article-title":"Recurrent copy number alterations in low-grade and anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with and without BRAF V600E mutation","volume":"28","author":"Vaubel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01308-1","article-title":"Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is a heterogeneous entity with pTERT mutations prognosticating shorter survival","volume":"10","author":"Ebrahimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vdaf089","DOI":"10.1093\/noajnl\/vdaf089","article-title":"Molecular, histologic, and clinical characterization of methylation class pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: an analysis of 469 tumors","volume":"7","author":"Dampier","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurooncol Adv"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e163446","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI163446","article-title":"Macrophages and microglia in glioblastoma: heterogeneity, plasticity, and therapy","volume":"133","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0201-x","article-title":"Macrophages at CNS interfaces: ontogeny and function in health and disease","volume":"20","author":"Kierdorf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.030","article-title":"Macrophage-mediated myelin recycling fuels brain cancer malignancy","volume":"187","author":"Kloosterman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00789-y","article-title":"Single-cell profiling of myeloid cells in glioblastoma across species and disease stage reveals macrophage competition and specialization","volume":"24","author":"Pombo Antunes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-024-01321-8","article-title":"Glioblastoma-instructed microglia transition to heterogeneous phenotypic states with phagocytic and dendritic cell-like features in patient tumors and patient-derived orthotopic xenografts","volume":"16","author":"Yabo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4187","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-2617","article-title":"Immunophenotyping of newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma defines distinct immune exhaustion profiles in peripheral and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes","volume":"24","author":"Mohme","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.06.017","article-title":"Hypoxic niches attract and sequester tumor-associated macrophages and cytotoxic T cells and reprogram them for immunosuppression","volume":"56","author":"Sattiraju","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1202424","article-title":"Regulation of interleukin-8 expression by reduced oxygen pressure in human glioblastoma","volume":"18","author":"Desbaillets","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabm5214","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm5214","article-title":"Distinct myeloid-derived suppressor cell populations in human glioblastoma","volume":"387","author":"Jackson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science (1979)"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-2888","article-title":"Survival and proliferation of neural progenitor-derived glioblastomas under hypoxic stress is controlled by a CXCL12\/CXCR4 autocrine-positive feedback mechanism","volume":"23","author":"Calinescu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.07.015","article-title":"CXCR6 positions cytotoxic T cells to receive critical survival signals in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"184","author":"Di Pilato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5490","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.9.5490","article-title":"Loss of new chemokine CXCL14 in tumor tissue is associated with low infiltration by dendritic cells (DC), while restoration of human CXCL14 expression in tumor cells causes attraction of DC both in vitro and in vivo","volume":"174","author":"Shurin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2514","DOI":"10.1002\/pdi3.2514","volume-title":"Pediatr Discov","author":"Wu","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026100502524123600_noag147-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkaf080","article-title":"CXCL14 is an essential modulator of TLR9 agonist-induced antitumor immune responses","volume":"214","author":"Tanegashima","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["Neuro-Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noag147\/68652207\/noag147.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/article-pdf\/28\/10\/2384\/68652207\/noag147.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/article-pdf\/28\/10\/2384\/68652207\/noag147.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:52:51Z","timestamp":1791183171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/article\/28\/10\/2384\/8722166"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noag147","relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-8517","1523-5866"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-8517","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-5866","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]}}}