{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T07:28:51Z","timestamp":1793777331833,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiation necrosis (RN) complicates neuro-oncological care, mimicking tumor recurrence and lacking high-level evidence for standardized management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) expert panel utilized a 3-round Delphi process to create a comprehensive expert opinion document based on the available current scientific evidence. A series of statements, derived from the published literature were created by the experts in each field. Consensus was defined as \u226580% agreement using a 5-point Likert scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After 3 rounds among 20 experts that included adaptation of statements, the Delphi process reached a consensus (\u226580% agreement) on 53 statements out of 57. RN occurs in 4%-30% of patients, typically appearing 6-24 months after radiotherapy for primary (glial) or metastatic brain tumors. Experts identified perfusion MRI and amino acid PET as the most suitable imaging modalities for differentiation from tumor recurrence. While histopathology remains the gold standard, identifying viable tumor cells in irradiated gliomas is challenging due to overlapping cytological features with reactive glia. For symptomatic management, corticosteroids may be tried, and bevacizumab is recommended for corticosteroid-refractory cases, with evidence suggesting profound efficacy even at low doses. Surgery is considered effective for rapid symptom relief and definitive diagnosis in accessible lesions. Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (LITT) can be considered an additional treatment option for symptomatic RN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the absence of Level 1 evidence, these Delphi-survey-formulated recommendations provide actionable guidance for clinical practice. There is a need for prospective randomized trials focusing on symptomatic RN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noag153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T11:33:59Z","timestamp":1783424039000},"page":"2563-2579","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The European Association of Neuro-Oncology consensus statement on radiation necrosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9869-9806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johnny","family":"Duerinck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Brussels,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5710-5127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Van Den Bent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0259-495X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petter","family":"Brandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1239-1603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Minniti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, IRCCS Neuromed , Pozzilli (IS),","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2485-1796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norbert","family":"Galldiks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne , Cologne,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Juelich , Juelich,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9332-4677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Franceschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nervous System Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna , Bologna,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2369-0035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjolein","family":"Geurts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9379-6797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna S","family":"Berghoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2824-3720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirjam","family":"Renovanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Eberhard Karls University T\u00fcbingen , T\u00fcbingen,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Eberhard Karls University T\u00fcbingen , T\u00fcbingen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7998-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dieta","family":"Brandsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Neuro-Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0857-081X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom J","family":"Snijders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1748-174X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Weller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich , Zurich,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4423-7256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan C","family":"Short","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St James\u2019s Institute of Oncology, University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4746-887X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Platten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9408-3278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilie","family":"Le Rhun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3541-2315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Preusser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University , Heidelberg,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg, (M.P.)","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4649-2587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonille","family":"Schweizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University , Frankfurt am Main,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt\/Mainz, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI) , Frankfurt am Main, (L.S.)","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0953-7624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie Lisa","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen , Munich,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8258-3681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Furtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Medical Image Analysis and Artificial Intelligence (MIAAI), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University , Krems,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3873-2947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelia","family":"Razis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Medical Oncology Department, Hygeia Hospital , Athens,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-024-04650-1","article-title":"Comparative analysis of bevacizumab and LITT for treating radiation necrosis in previously radiated CNS neoplasms: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"168","author":"Gecici","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2023.07.015","article-title":"A systematic review informing the management of symptomatic brain radiation necrosis after stereotactic radiosurgery and international stereotactic radiosurgery society recommendations","volume":"118","author":"Vellayappan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2021.101401","article-title":"Preparing, conducting, and analyzing Delphi surveys: cross-disciplinary practices, new directions, and advancements","volume":"8","author":"Beiderbeck","year":"2021","journal-title":"MethodsX"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23562","article-title":"Incidence of early pseudo-progression in a cohort of malignant glioma patients treated with chemoirradiation with temozolomide","volume":"113","author":"Taal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197910)44:4&lt;1256::AID-CNCR2820440415&gt;3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"The morphologic effects of radiation administered therapeutically for intracranial gliomas: a postmortem study of 25 cases","volume":"44","author":"Burger","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3702-x","article-title":"Prospective study of 11C-methionine PET for distinguishing between recurrent brain metastases and radiation necrosis: limitations of diagnostic accuracy and long-term results of salvage treatment","volume":"17","author":"Yomo","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/CASE22462","article-title":"Postradiosurgery cystic degeneration in brain metastases causing delayed and potentially severe sequelae: systematic review and illustrative cases","volume":"5","author":"Giantini-Larsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Case Lessons"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.01.039","article-title":"Molecular targets in radiation-induced blood-brain barrier disruption","volume":"62","author":"Nordal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3342","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-03-0426","article-title":"Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 target genes in central nervous system radiation injury: a role for vascular endothelial growth factor","volume":"10","author":"Nordal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-011-0610-9","article-title":"The distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor-producing cells in clinical radiation necrosis of the brain: pathological consideration of their potential roles","volume":"105","author":"Nonoguchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-9-51","article-title":"The roles of platelet-derived growth factors and their receptors in brain radiation necrosis","volume":"9","author":"Miyata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-5728(98)00270-7","article-title":"TNF alpha and IL-1beta mediate intercellular adhesion molecule-1 induction via microglia-astrocyte interaction in CNS radiation injury","volume":"95","author":"Kyrkanides","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/s0169-328x(02)00353-4","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 modulates brain inflammation-related gene expression in central nervous system radiation injury","volume":"104","author":"Kyrkanides","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res Mol Brain Res"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1667\/rr2587.1","article-title":"Cranial irradiation leads to acute and persistent neuroinflammation with delayed increases in T-cell infiltration and CD11c expression in C57BL\/6 mouse brain","volume":"176","author":"Moravan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B15","first-page":"8859","article-title":"The role of tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways in the response of murine brain to irradiation","volume":"61","author":"Daigle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noac118","article-title":"Brain metastases: a Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) consensus review on current management and future directions","volume":"24","author":"Aizer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/s0360-3016(99)00507-6","article-title":"Single dose radiosurgical treatment of recurrent previously irradiated primary brain tumors and brain metastases: final report of RTOG protocol 90-05","volume":"47","author":"Shaw","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz048","article-title":"Treatment-induced brain tissue necrosis: a clinical challenge in neuro-oncology","volume":"21","author":"Winter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.02.091","article-title":"Radiation dose-volume effects in the brain","volume":"76","author":"Lawrence","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noad188","article-title":"The dilemma of radiation necrosis from diagnosis to treatment in the management of brain metastases","volume":"26","author":"Mayo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328332363e","article-title":"Pseudoprogression and pseudoresponse in the treatment of gliomas","volume":"22","author":"Brandsma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.12.002","article-title":"Cerebral radiation necrosis: incidence, outcomes, and risk factors with emphasis on radiation parameters and chemotherapy","volume":"65","author":"Ruben","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.08.013","article-title":"Single- and multifraction stereotactic radiosurgery dose\/volume tolerances of the brain","volume":"110","author":"Milano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-6-48","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases: analysis of outcome and risk of brain radionecrosis","volume":"6","author":"Minniti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.10.038","article-title":"Single versus multifraction stereotactic radiosurgery for large brain metastases: an international meta-analysis of 24 trials","volume":"103","author":"Lehrer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1093\/nop\/npae040","article-title":"Controversies in neuro-oncology: focal proton versus photon radiation therapy for adult brain tumors","volume":"11","author":"Eekers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurooncol Pract"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9010031","article-title":"Proton and heavy particle intracranial radiosurgery","volume":"9","author":"Lehrer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.05.001","article-title":"Radiation dose constraints for organs at risk in neuro-oncology; the European Particle Therapy Network consensus","volume":"128","author":"Lambrecht","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-021-01767-9","article-title":"Current status and recent advances in reirradiation of glioblastoma","volume":"16","author":"Minniti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2025.111330","article-title":"ESMO-ESTRO consensus statements on the safety of combining radiotherapy with CDK4\/6, HER2, PARP, or mTOR inhibitors","volume":"215","author":"van Aken","year":"2026","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.09.008","article-title":"ESMO-ESTRO consensus statements on the safety of combining radiotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, VEGF(R) inhibitors, or multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors","volume":"37","author":"van Aken","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.3993","article-title":"Immunotherapy and symptomatic radiation necrosis in patients with brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiation","volume":"4","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.4492","article-title":"Symptomatic necrosis with Antibody-Drug conjugates and concurrent stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases","volume":"9","author":"Lebow","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e254347","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.4347","article-title":"Symptomatic necrosis with dual immune-checkpoint inhibition and radiosurgery for brain metastases","volume":"8","author":"Vaios","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-023-02385-3","article-title":"Histopathologically confirmed radiation-induced damage of the brain - an in-depth analysis of radiation parameters and spatio-temporal occurrence","volume":"18","author":"Kossmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1221","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2020-0085","article-title":"Defining treatment-related adverse effects in patients with glioma: distinctive features of pseudoprogression and treatment-induced necrosis","volume":"25","author":"Winter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1093\/nop\/npaf059","article-title":"Bevacizumab for symptomatic cerebral radiation necrosis after radiation of high-grade glioma or brain metastases - when and for whom?","volume":"12","author":"Kroon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurooncol Pract"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-024-04578-6","article-title":"Adverse radiation effect versus tumor progression following stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases: implications of radiologic uncertainty","volume":"166","author":"Salans","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1102\/1470-7330.2009.9002","article-title":"Advanced imaging techniques in brain tumors","volume":"9","author":"Law","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.12.061","article-title":"Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of bevacizumab therapy for radiation necrosis of the central nervous system","volume":"79","author":"Levin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaa239","article-title":"Long-term metabolic evolution of brain metastases with suspected radiation necrosis following stereotactic radiosurgery: longitudinal assessment by F-DOPA PET","volume":"23","author":"Cicone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.26.3541","article-title":"Updated response assessment criteria for high-grade gliomas: response assessment in neuro-oncology working group","volume":"28","author":"Wen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5187","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.01059","article-title":"RANO 2.0: update to the response assessment in neuro-oncology criteria for high- and low-grade gliomas in adults","volume":"41","author":"Wen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70181-2","article-title":"Advanced MRI and PET imaging for assessment of treatment response in patients with gliomas","volume":"9","author":"Dhermain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-4789-9","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging techniques for treatment response evaluation in patients with high-grade glioma, a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"van Dijken","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.10.026","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of MRI techniques for treatment response evaluation in patients with brain metastasis: asystemic review and meta-analysis","volume":"177","author":"Teunissen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.036","article-title":"ACR appropriateness criteria\u00ae brain tumors","volume":"22","author":"Ivanidze","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaa141","article-title":"Jumstarting brain tumor drug developement coalition imaging standardization steering committee. Consensus recommendation for a dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI protocol for use in high-grade gliomas","volume":"22","author":"Boxerman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2743","article-title":"Correlations between perfusion MR imaging cerebral blood volume, microvelles quantification, and clinicla outcome using stereotactic analysis in recurrent high-grade glioma","volume":"22","author":"Hu","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJNR"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/now148","article-title":"MR perfusion-weighted imaging in the evaluation of high-grade gliomas after treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2014.09.018","article-title":"Role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the differentiation of recurrent glioma from radiation necrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"83","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27742","article-title":"Methodological consensus on clinical proton MRS of the brain: review and recommendations","volume":"82","author":"Wilson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4484","article-title":"Experts\u2019 working group on reporting standards for MR spectroscopy. Minimum reporting standards for in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRSinMRS): experts\u2019 consensus recommendations","volume":"34","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab013","article-title":"Contribution of PET imaging to radiotherapy planning and monitoring in glioma patients \u2013 a report of the PET\/RANO group","volume":"23","author":"Galldiks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e436","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(25)00193-7","article-title":"Update to the RANO working group and EANO recommendations for the clinical use of PET imaging in gliomas","volume":"26","author":"Galldiks","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.107.048082","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of 11C-methionine PET for differentiation of recurrent brain tumors from radiation necrosis after radiotherapy","volume":"49","author":"Terakawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0132515","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132515","article-title":"Differentiation of brain tumor recurrence from post-radiotherapy necrosis with 11C-methionine PET: visual assessment versus quantitative assessment","volume":"10","author":"Minamimoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.113.121418","article-title":"18F-FDOPA PET for differentiating recurrent or progressive brain metastatic tumors from late or delayed radiation injury after radiation treatment","volume":"55","author":"Lizarraga","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-014-2886-4","article-title":"Accuracy of F-DOPA PET and perfusion-MRI for differentiating radionecrotic from progressive brain metastases after radiosurgery","volume":"42","author":"Cicone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.112.103325","article-title":"Role of O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine PET for differentiation of local recurrent brain metastasis from radiation necrosis","volume":"53","author":"Galldiks","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B61","first-page":"281","article-title":"Dynamic O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine positron emission tomography differentiates brain metastasis recurrence from radiation injury after radiotherapy","volume":"19","author":"Ceccon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.122.264803","article-title":"Utility of amino acid PET in the differential diagnosis of recurrent brain metastases and treatment-related changes: a meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"Schl\u00fcrmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00525-9","article-title":"PET-based response assessment criteria for diffuse gliomas (PET RANO 1.0): a report of the RANO group","volume":"25","author":"Albert","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03633-7","article-title":"RANO criteria for response assessment of brain metastases based on amino acid PET imaging","volume":"31","author":"Albert","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8874078","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8874078","article-title":"Comparison of amino acid PET to advanced and emerging MRI techniques for neurooncology imaging: a systematic review of the recent studies","volume":"2021","author":"Stopa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Imaging"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-022-01994-3","article-title":"DEGRO practical guideline for central nervous system radiation necrosis part 1: classification and a multistep approach for diagnosis","volume":"198","author":"Bernhardt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0000000000000642","article-title":"Expanding the spectrum of radiation necrosis after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for intracranial metastases from lung cancer: a retrospective review","volume":"43","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-005-0023-y","article-title":"Cancer therapy-associated CNS neuropathology: an update and review of the literature","volume":"111","author":"Perry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-022-04005-8","article-title":"Congress of neurological surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines update on the role of neuropathology in the management of progressive glioblastoma in adults","volume":"158","author":"Goodman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181e7740d","article-title":"Application of mutant IDH1 antibody to differentiate diffuse glioma from nonneoplastic central nervous system lesions and therapy-induced changes","volume":"34","author":"Capper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1906-z","article-title":"The genetic landscape of gliomas arising after therapeutic radiation","volume":"137","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-008-9618-1","article-title":"Diagnosis of malignant glioma: role of neuropathology","volume":"89","author":"Brat","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noy074","article-title":"Blood-based biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of gliomas","volume":"20","author":"Zachariah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2000029","DOI":"10.1002\/adbi.202000029","article-title":"Liquid biopsy strategies to distinguish progression from pseudoprogression and radiation necrosis in glioblastomas","volume":"4","author":"Yekula","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Biosyst"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noag026","article-title":"Spatial transcriptomics characterisation of radionecrotic changes in glioblastoma patients","volume":"28","author":"Seferbekova","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-023-04261-2","article-title":"A review on genetic alterations in CNS metastases related to breast cancer treatment. Is there a role for liquid biopsies in CSF?","volume":"162","author":"Wessels","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.82.3.0436","article-title":"Radiation necrosis or glioma recurrence: is computer-assisted stereotactic biopsy useful?","volume":"82","author":"Forsyth","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nos112","article-title":"Reevaluating the imaging definition of tumor progression: perfusion MRI quantifies recurrent glioblastoma tumor fraction, pseudoprogression, and radiation necrosis to predict survival","volume":"14","author":"Hu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0000000000000536","article-title":"Pathologic response to neoadjuvant therapy is associated with improved long-term survival in high-risk primary localized malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors","volume":"42","author":"Shurell-Linehan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14071694","article-title":"The extent of necrosis in brain metastases may predict subtypes of primary cancer and overall survival in patients receiving craniotomy","volume":"14","author":"Yoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-022-01973-8","article-title":"DEGRO practical guideline for central nervous system radiation necrosis part 2: treatment","volume":"198","author":"Bernhardt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-024-02242-6","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of bevacizumab for cerebral radiation necrosis treatment based on real-world utility value in China","volume":"200","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.4.675","article-title":"Dose-effect relationship of dexamethasone on Karnofsky performance in metastatic brain tumors: a randomized study of doses of 4, 8, and 16 mg per day","volume":"44","author":"Vecht","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.11.003","article-title":"Neurological and vascular complications of primary and secondary brain tumours: EANO-ESMO clinical practice guidelines for prophylaxis, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"32","author":"Roth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noad038","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of complications from the treatment of primary Central nervous system tumors in adults","volume":"25","author":"Weller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593449","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.593449","article-title":"Bevacizumab treatment of radiation-induced brain necrosis: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Liao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-07889-3","article-title":"Bevacizumab for radiation necrosis following radiotherapy of brain metastatic disease: a systematic review & meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/not085","article-title":"Bevacizumab as a treatment for radiation necrosis of brain metastases post stereotactic radiosurgery","volume":"15","author":"Boothe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.04.068","article-title":"Bevacizumab monotherapy reduces radiation-induced brain necrosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"101","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720506","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2021.720506","article-title":"Low-dosage bevacizumab treatment: effect on radiation necrosis after gamma knife radiosurgery for brain metastases","volume":"8","author":"Weng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15092560","article-title":"Low-dose bevacizumab for the treatment of focal radiation necrosis of the brain (fRNB): a single-center case series","volume":"15","author":"Tijtgat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B92","author":"Bevacizumab bij radionecrose bij hersenmetastasen"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.14880","article-title":"Osimertinib combined with bevacizumab as the first-line treatment in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastasis harboring epidermal growth factor receptor mutations","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3788","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25945","article-title":"Boswellia serrata acts on cerebral edema in patients irradiated for brain tumors: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot trial: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot trial","volume":"117","author":"Kirste","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-013-1120-8","article-title":"Radionecrosis induced by stereotactic radiosurgery of brain metastases: results of surgery and outcome of disease","volume":"113","author":"Telera","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-021-03790-y","article-title":"The effect of surgery on radiation necrosis in irradiated brain metastases: extent of resection and long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes","volume":"153","author":"Newman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vdag120","DOI":"10.1093\/noajnl\/vdag120","article-title":"Surgical resection or bevacizumab for treatment of radiation necrosis-associated cerebral edema in patients with brain metastases: a single center experience","volume":"8","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neurooncol Adv"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-021-03802-x","article-title":"Bevacizumab vs laser interstitial thermal therapy in cerebral radiation necrosis from brain metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"154","author":"Palmisciano","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.11.JNS171273","article-title":"Laser ablation after stereotactic radiosurgery: a multicenter prospective study in patients with metastatic brain tumors and radiation necrosis","volume":"130","author":"Ahluwalia","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2026110401521490200_noag153-B100","first-page":"vdaf049","article-title":"Consortium for intracranial metastasis academic research (CIMARa): global interdisciplinary collaborations to improve outcomes of patient with brain metastases","volume":"7","author":"Anders","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurooncol Adv"}],"container-title":["Neuro-Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noag153\/68738675\/noag153.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/article-pdf\/28\/11\/2563\/68738675\/noag153.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/article-pdf\/28\/11\/2563\/68738675\/noag153.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T06:52:20Z","timestamp":1793775140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/article\/28\/11\/2563\/8729059"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noag153","relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-8517","1523-5866"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-8517","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-5866","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]}}}