{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T19:17:55Z","timestamp":1788376675200,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["454298163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["454298163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ChadTough Defeat DIPG Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R35 NS122339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35 NS122339"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 AG073084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 AG073084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a devastating pediatric brain tumor with an unmet need for novel therapies. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors have failed to prolong survival of DMG patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we screened for immune-checkpoint molecules in DMG, evaluated immunological responses to checkpoint targeting by coculture assays and depletion of immune cells in vivo, studied the effects of CD155 silencing by whole-transcriptome analyses and performed in vivo treatments with Thiostrepton (Thio).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In human and murine DMG cells, as well as primary brain tumor samples, we identified CD155 as the most highly expressed immune checkpoint. When murine DMG cells were cocultured with CD8+ T cells, silencing of CD155 led to a marked increase in T cell-mediated killing. Strikingly, CD155-deficient DMG cells failed to grow in immunocompetent mice, and depletion of CD8+ T cells allowed these tumors to grow. CD155 also exerted cell-autonomous effects on tumor cells: silencing of CD155 induced apoptosis of DMG cells and delayed tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. Transcriptomic analyses identified Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) as a key target of CD155. Notably, FoxM1 silencing also led to reduced proliferation of DMG cells in vitro and in vivo. Finally, treatment of DMG-bearing mice with Thio, a FoxM1-targeting agent, delayed tumor growth and prolonged survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These studies demonstrate that CD155 regulates immune evasion and tumor growth in DMG, and suggest that targeting CD155 could be a valuable two-pronged therapeutic strategy for this disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noag178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T11:32:24Z","timestamp":1786275144000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CD155 regulates tumor growth and susceptibility to T cell-mediated killing in diffuse midline glioma"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9651-1144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theophilos","family":"Tzaridis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Genome and Epigenetics Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , La Jolla, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, University of Heidelberg , Mannheim,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester","family":"Calvo Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center , New York, New York,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center , New York, New York,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, Massachusetts,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5981-6491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanja","family":"Eisemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Genome and Epigenetics Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , La Jolla, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3609-0373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Liou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Genome and Epigenetics Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , La Jolla, 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