{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:54:44Z","timestamp":1792065284817,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being applied across neuro-oncology domains to analyze complex, high-dimensional, multimodal data. Despite major advances in the biological understanding and classification of CNS tumors, clinical outcomes for many of them remain poor, reflecting intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity and limitations of conventional reductionist approaches. AI offers a paradigm shift to capture this heterogeneity and provide quantitative, reproducible diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic insights.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article describes a joint effort across the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) working groups to provide an overarching review of the AI use across six key domains of neuro-oncology: neuroimaging, neuropathology, laboratory medicine, neurosurgery, drug discovery, and clinical trials. Applications closest to clinical use include imaging segmentation and quantification, AI-assisted image reconstruction, DNA methylation-based classification, and workflow optimization. Radiogenomics, WSI-based molecular prediction, AI-guided surgical targeting, liquid biopsy interpretation, AI-guided drug discovery, digital twins, and in silico trials remain promising but require stronger prospective validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Key challenges include limited availability of large diverse datasets, variability in data acquisition and reference standards, and limited external validation. This review provides a unifying framework for understanding the role of AI across neuro-oncology and highlights key considerations for its responsible implementation, emphasizing standardization, reproducibility, multi-institutional validation, and human oversight.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noag257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:38:24Z","timestamp":1791891504000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["AI in Neuro-Oncology: An Overarching Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Carla","family":"Pitarch-Abaigar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, , Indianapolis, IN,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University , Indianapolis, IN,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Lohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3\/INM-4), Research Center Juelich (FZJ) , Juelich,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"RWTH Aachen University Hospital Department of Nuclear Medicine, , Aachen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Aloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Barcelona, Catalonia,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats (ICREA) , Barcelona, Catalonia,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Al-Shahrour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) , Madrid,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Arnaout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass General Brigham Department of Neurosurgery, , Boston, MA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenya Linda","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass General Brigham Department of Neurosurgery, , Boston, MA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Galldiks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3\/INM-4), Research Center Juelich (FZJ) , Juelich,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne Dept. of Neurology, , Cologne,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason T","family":"Huse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, , Houston, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Karschnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich Department of Neurosurgery, , Munich,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MacLean P","family":"Nasrallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, , PA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Areeba","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Department of Neuropathology, , Heidelberg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rifaquat","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass General Brigham Department of Radiation Oncology, , Boston, Massachusetts,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Sahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Department of Neuropathology, , Heidelberg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy R","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass General Brigham Department of Neurosurgery, , Boston, MA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joerg-Christian","family":"Tonn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich Department of Neurosurgery, ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Umeton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Data Science, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, TN,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Valiente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Metastasis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) , Madrid,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Zarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, , PA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond Y","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital Department of Radiology, , Boston, Massachusetts,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spyridon","family":"Bakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, , Indianapolis, IN,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University , Indianapolis, IN,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Neurological Surgery; Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences; , Indianapolis, IN,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Luddy School of Informatics Computing and Engineering, Indiana University Department Computer Science, , Indianapolis, IN,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"container-title":["Neuro-Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noag257\/71904247\/noag257.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noag257\/71904247\/noag257.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:16:28Z","timestamp":1792062988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noag257\/8913755"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noag257","relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-8517","1523-5866"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-8517","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-5866","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"article-number":"noag257"}}