{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T19:10:15Z","timestamp":1788289815159,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007445","name":"Matthew Larson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007445","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007267","name":"Joe Andruzzi Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007267","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CJ Buckley Brain Cancer Research Fund"},{"name":"Zach Carson Fund"},{"name":"Ellie Kavalieros DIPG Fund"},{"name":"Advantagene, Inc"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noy202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T11:07:12Z","timestamp":1552907232000},"page":"537-546","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Phase I study of gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy with AdV-tk as adjuvant to surgery and radiation for pediatric malignant glioma and recurrent ependymoma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mark W","family":"Kieran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Goumnerova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Manley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan N","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen J","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Therapy, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea G","family":"Manzanera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Advantagene, Inc, Auburndale, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Lucia Silva","family":"Polanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Advantagene, Inc, Auburndale, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian W","family":"Guzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Advantagene, Inc, Auburndale, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estuardo","family":"Aguilar-Cordova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Advantagene, Inc, Auburndale, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C Marcela","family":"Diaz-Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur J","family":"DiPatri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago and Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadanori","family":"Tomita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago and Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rishi","family":"Lulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago and Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianne","family":"Greenspan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura K","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Advantagene, Inc, Auburndale, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stewart","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago and Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0001","volume-title":"Cancer Facts & Figures 2016","author":"American Cancer Society","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noq191","article-title":"Temozolomide in the treatment of high-grade gliomas in children: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"13","author":"Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/now038","article-title":"Phase 2 study of concurrent radiotherapy and temozolomide followed by temozolomide and lomustine in the treatment of children with high-grade glioma: a report of the Children\u2019s Oncology Group ACNS0423 study","volume":"18","author":"Jakacki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.76.0611","article-title":"Phase II, open-label, randomized, multicenter trial (HERBY) of bevacizumab in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed high-grade glioma","volume":"36","author":"Grill","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043331","article-title":"MGMT gene silencing and benefit from temozolomide in glioblastoma","volume":"352","author":"Hegi","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70025-7","article-title":"Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5-year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial","volume":"10","author":"Stupp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-011-0671-9","article-title":"Pediatric intracranial ependymoma: the roles of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy","volume":"106","author":"Pejavar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurooncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.10.039","article-title":"Survival benefit for pediatric patients with recurrent ependymoma treated with reirradiation","volume":"83","author":"Bouffet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys."},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-009-1067-4","article-title":"Treatment and outcome of children with relapsed ependymoma: a multi-institutional retrospective analysis","volume":"26","author":"Zacharoulis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst."},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7428","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902811","article-title":"Immune gene and cell enrichment is associated with a good prognosis in ependymoma","volume":"183","author":"Donson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nou212","article-title":"Immunotherapy advances for glioblastoma","volume":"16","author":"Reardon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-012-0208-2","article-title":"The spectrum of vaccine therapies for patients with glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"13","author":"Aguilar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-14-0015","article-title":"Oncolytic viruses and their application to cancer immunotherapy","volume":"2","author":"Chiocca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.23126","article-title":"Cytotoxic immunotherapy strategies for cancer: mechanisms and clinical development","volume":"112","author":"Aguilar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-8722-5-34","article-title":"Cytoreduction surgery reduces systemic myeloid suppressor cell populations and restores intratumoral immunotherapy effectiveness","volume":"5","author":"Predina","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol."},{"issue":"12","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1038\/cgt.2011.56","article-title":"Neoadjuvant in situ gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy improves postoperative outcomes in novel syngeneic esophageal carcinoma models","volume":"18","author":"Predina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nox139","article-title":"Preclinical investigation of combined gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade in glioblastoma","volume":"20","author":"Speranza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-017-2737-9","article-title":"Immunophenotyping of pediatric brain tumors: correlating immune infiltrate with histology, mutational load, and survival and assessing clonal T cell response","volume":"137","author":"Plant","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurooncol."},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2010.159","article-title":"Chemotherapy delivered after viral immunogene therapy augments antitumor efficacy via multiple immune-mediated mechanisms","volume":"18","author":"Fridlender","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1215\/15228517-2007-046","article-title":"Immunological responses in a patient with glioblastoma multiforme treated with sequential courses of temozolomide and immunotherapy: case study","volume":"10","author":"Heimberger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"issue":"27","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3611","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.35.5222","article-title":"Phase IB study of gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy adjuvant to up-front surgery and intensive timing radiation for malignant glioma","volume":"29","author":"Chiocca","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"8","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/now002","article-title":"Phase II multicenter study of gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy as adjuvant to surgical resection for newly diagnosed malignant glioma","volume":"18","author":"Wheeler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1006\/mthe.2000.0030","article-title":"Phase I study of adenoviral delivery of the HSV-tk gene and ganciclovir administration in patients with current malignant brain tumors","volume":"1","author":"Trask","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Ther."},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1089\/10430349950018229","article-title":"In situ gene therapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate: a phase I clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Herman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther."},{"issue":"16","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1089\/104303401753204535","article-title":"Prostate-specific antigen response and systemic T cell activation after in situ gene therapy in prostate cancer patients failing radiotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Miles","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2018.02.015","article-title":"Phase I study of intrapleural gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy in patients with malignant pleural effusion","volume":"26","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Ther."},{"issue":"6","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-015-1679-3","article-title":"Gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy as adjuvant to surgery or chemoradiation for pancreatic adenocarcinoma","volume":"64","author":"Aguilar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother."},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2001.6442","article-title":"Adenovirus-mediated thymidine kinase gene therapy in combination with topotecan for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer: 2.5-year follow-up","volume":"83","author":"Hasenburg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2003.09.083","article-title":"Phase I-II trial evaluating combined intensity-modulated radiotherapy and in situ gene therapy with or without hormonal therapy in treatment of prostate cancer-interim report on PSA response and biopsy data","volume":"58","author":"Teh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys."},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1006\/mthe.2001.0298","article-title":"Enhanced therapeutic effect of HSV-tk+GCV gene therapy and ionizing radiation for prostate cancer","volume":"3","author":"Chhikara","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21638","article-title":"Valacyclovir and acyclovir pharmacokinetics in immunocompromised children","volume":"51","author":"Bomgaars","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer."},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.5689","article-title":"Multicenter feasibility study of tumor molecular profiling to inform therapeutic decisions in advanced pediatric solid tumors","volume":"2","author":"Harris","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-008-0523-4","article-title":"Increased circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells correlate with clinical cancer stage, metastatic tumor burden, and doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy","volume":"58","author":"Diaz-Montero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother."},{"issue":"38","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1200\/EDBK_200773","article-title":"The landscape of CAR T cells beyond acute lymphoblastic leukemia for pediatric solid tumors","author":"DeRenzo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book."},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noy032","article-title":"CAR T-cell therapy for glioblastoma: recent clinical advances and future challenges","volume":"20","author":"Bagley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019031816563123900_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-2769","article-title":"Immunotherapy of primary brain tumors: facts and hopes","author":"Buerki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."}],"container-title":["Neuro-Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/article-pdf\/21\/4\/537\/28086974\/noy202.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T16:57:39Z","timestamp":1552928259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/article\/21\/4\/537\/5382410"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noy202","relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-8517","1523-5866"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-8517","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-5866","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]}}}