{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T15:18:58Z","timestamp":1794323938364,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA008748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA008748"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Damon Runyon Clinical Investigator Award"},{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Brain Tumor Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Improvements in detection and molecular characterization of leptomeningeal metastasis from lung cancer (LC-LM) coupled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-penetrating targeted therapies have altered disease management. A barrier to formal study of these therapies in LM is quantification of disease burden. Also, outcomes of patients with targetable mutations in LC-LM are not well defined. This study employs molecular and radiographic measures of LM disease burden and correlates these with outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We reviewed charts of 171 patients with LC-LM treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering. A subset had MRI and CSF studies available. Radiographic involvement (n = 76) was scored by number of gadolinium-enhancing sites in 8 locations. CSF studies included cytopathology, circulating tumor cell (CTC) quantification (n = 16), and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis (n = 21). Clinical outcomes were compared with Kaplan\u2013Meier log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards methodologies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Median overall survival was 4.2 months (95% CI: 3.6\u20134.9); 84 patients (49%) harbored targetable mutations. Among bevacizumab-na\u00efve patients with MRI and CSF cytology at time of LC-LM diagnosis, extent of radiographic involvement correlated with risk of death (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.02\u20131.33; P = 0.03), as did CSF CTC (HR: 3.39, 95% CI: 1.01\u201311.37; P = 0.048) and CSF cfDNA concentration (HR: 2.58; 95% CI: 0.94\u20137.05; P = 0.06). Those without a targetable mutation were almost 50% more likely to die (HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.06\u20132.11; P = 0.02).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Extent of radiographic involvement and quantification of CSF CTC and cfDNA show promise as prognostic indicators. These findings support molecular characterization and staging for clinical management, prognostication, and clinical trial stratification of LC-LM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T19:13:20Z","timestamp":1571858000000},"page":"675-683","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["A retrospective, quantitative assessment of disease burden in patients with leptomeningeal metastases from non-small-cell lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Kathryn S","family":"Nevel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, New York, New York"},{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"DiStefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Tumor Center, New York, New York"},{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuling","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, New York, New York"},{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Skakodub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, New York, New York"},{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahiba Q","family":"Ogilvie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Tumor Center, New York, New York"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, New York, New York"},{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne S","family":"Reiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, New York, New York"},{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Pentsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, New York, New York"},{"name":"Brain Tumor Center, New York, New York"},{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9029-1248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrienne","family":"Boire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, New York, New York"},{"name":"Brain Tumor Center, New York, New York"},{"name":"Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, New York"},{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"2020071623102944400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181dc1a69","article-title":"Leptomeningeal metastases in the MRI era","volume":"74","author":"Clarke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071623102944400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19820215)49:4<759::AID-CNCR2820490427>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors: experience with 90 patients","volume":"49","author":"Wasserstrom","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071623102944400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2015.05.023","article-title":"Treatment and survival of patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer and leptomeningeal metastasis: a retrospective cohort analysis","volume":"89","author":"Kuiper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lung Cancer."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071623102944400_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2011.11.022","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of leptomeningeal metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer in the modern chemotherapy era","volume":"76","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lung Cancer."},{"issue":"12","key":"2020071623102944400_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nor121","article-title":"Pulsatile\u201d high-dose weekly erlotinib for CNS metastases from EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"13","author":"Grommes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuro 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