{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:46:20Z","timestamp":1786124780674,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg.","NEUROS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Loss of control (LOC) is a pervasive feature of binge eating, which contributes significantly to the growing epidemic of obesity; approximately 80 million US adults are obese. Brain-responsive neurostimulation guided by the delta band was previously found to block binge-eating behavior in mice. Following novel preclinical work and a human case study demonstrating an association between the delta band and reward anticipation, the US Food and Drug Administration approved an Investigational Device Exemption for a first-in-human study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess feasibility, safety, and nonfutility of brain-responsive neurostimulation for LOC eating in treatment-refractory obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This is a single-site, early feasibility study with a randomized, single-blinded, staggered-onset design. Six subjects will undergo bilateral brain-responsive neurostimulation of the nucleus accumbens for LOC eating using the RNS\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      System (NeuroPace Inc). Eligible participants must have treatment-refractory obesity with body mass index\u00a0\u2265\u00a045\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Electrophysiological signals of LOC will be characterized using real-time recording capabilities coupled with synchronized video monitoring. Effects on other eating disorder pathology, mood, neuropsychological profile, metabolic syndrome, and nutrition will also be assessed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>EXPECTED OUTCOMES<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Safety\/feasibility of brain-responsive neurostimulation of the nucleus accumbens will be examined. The primary success criterion is a decrease of\u00a0\u22651 LOC eating episode\/week based on a 28-d average in\u00a0\u226550% of subjects after 6 mo of responsive neurostimulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is the first to use brain-responsive neurostimulation for obesity; this approach represents a paradigm shift for intractable mental health disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyaa300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T07:14:17Z","timestamp":1593760457000},"page":"1277-1288","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Brain-Responsive Neurostimulation for Loss of Control Eating: Early Feasibility Study"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Hemmings","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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L","family":"Skarpaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroPace Inc, 455\u00a0N Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas K","family":"Tcheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroPace Inc, 455\u00a0N Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha J","family":"Morrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroPace Inc, 455\u00a0N Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Weiss","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C","family":"Malenka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of 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