{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T18:00:28Z","timestamp":1786125628456,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg.","NEUROS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In adults with ischemic moyamoya disease (MMD), the efficacy of direct vs indirect revascularization procedures remains a matter of debate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the outcomes of ischemic MMD in a North American cohort treated by direct and indirect revascularizations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed medical records of adult patients with MMD with ischemic presentation from 1984 to 2018 at the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital who underwent either direct or indirect bypasses. Early postoperative events and outcome at more than 6 mo postoperatively were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to evaluate delayed ischemic and hemorrhagic events. Analyses were performed per hemisphere.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 95 patients with MMD and 127 hemispheres were included in this study. A total of 3.5% and 8.6% of patients had early surgical complications in the direct and indirect bypass cohorts, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.24). Hemispheres with direct bypasses had fewer long-term ischemic and hemorrhagic events at latest follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.058-0.63,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.007; median follow-up 4.5 [interquartile range, IQR 1-8] yr). There was no difference between the direct and indirect bypass groups when the endpoint was limited to infarction and hemorrhage only (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.12). There was no difference in outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS]\u00a0\u2265\u00a03) between the 2 cohorts (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.92).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was no difference in early postoperative events, long-term infarction or hemorrhage, or clinical outcome between direct and indirect revascularization. However, there was a significant decrease in all ischemic and hemorrhagic events combined in direct revascularizations compared to indirect revascularizations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyab156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T15:44:55Z","timestamp":1617810295000},"page":"315-322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Direct vs Indirect Revascularization in a North American Cohort of Moyamoya Disease"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Pui Man Rosalind","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirav J","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai U","family":"Frerichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aman B","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M Ali","family":"Aziz-Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7538-8095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher S","family":"Ogilvy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2641-6496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rose","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"bib1-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.52.245","article-title":"Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of moyamoya disease (spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis)","volume":"52","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib2-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1969.00480090076012","article-title":"Cerebrovascular \u201cmoyamoya\u201d disease. 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