{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T03:45:07Z","timestamp":1790221507821,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Tumors that arise in and around the skull base comprise a wide range of common and rare entities. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of their pathogenesis, which in some cases, have significantly influenced clinical practice. The genotype of meningiomas is strongly associated with their phenotype, including histologic subtype and tumor location, and clinical outcome. A single molecular alteration, NAB2-STAT6 fusion, has redefined the category of solitary fibrous tumors to include the previous entity hemangiopericytomas. Schwannomas, both sporadic and familial, are characterized by near ubiquitous alterations in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NF2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with additional mutations in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SMARCB1<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">LZTR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    in schwannomatosis. In pituitary adenohypophyseal tumors, cell lineage transcription factors such as SF-1, T-PIT, and PIT-1 are now essential for classification, providing a more rigorous taxonomy for tumors that were previously considered null cell adenomas. The pituicyte lineage transcription factor TTF-1 defines neurohypophyseal tumors, which may represent a single nosological entity with a spectrum of morphologic manifestations (ie, granular cell tumor, pituicytoma, and spindle cell oncocytoma). Likewise, the notochord cell lineage transcription factor brachyury defines chordoma, discriminating them from chondrosarcomas. The identification of nonoverlapping genetic drivers of adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas and papillary craniopharyngiomas indicates that these are distinct tumor entities and has led to successful targeted treatment of papillary craniopharyngiomas using BRAF and\/or mitogen\u2013activated protein kinase inhibitors. Similarly, dramatic therapeutic responses have been achieved in patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis, both with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">BRAF<\/jats:italic>\n                    -mutant and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">BRAF<\/jats:italic>\n                    -wildtype tumors. Familiarity with the pathology of skull base tumors, their natural history, and molecular features is essential for optimizing patient care.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyab209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T23:14:22Z","timestamp":1620861262000},"page":"243-261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Skull Base Tumors: Neuropathology and Clinical Implications"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Wenya Linda","family":"Bi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7528-9668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandro","family":"Santagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;"},{"name":"Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;"},{"name":"Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"R1-20250819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1459-3","article-title":"Somatostatin receptor 2a is a more sensitive diagnostic marker of meningioma than epithelial membrane antigen","volume":"130","author":"Menke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta 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