{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T18:00:35Z","timestamp":1786125635599,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg.","NEUROS"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common peripheral entrapment neuropathy. However, CTS-related changes of brain structural covariance and structural covariance networks (SCNs) patterns have not been clearly studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore CTS-related brain changes from perspectives of structural connectivity and SCNs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Brain structural magnetic resonance images were acquired from 27 CTS patients and 19 healthy controls (HCs). Structural covariance and SCNs were constructed based on gray matter volume. The global network properties including clustering coefficient (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cp<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), characteristic path length (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lp<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), small-worldness index, global efficiency (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Eglob<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and local efficiency (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Eloc<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and regional network properties including degree, betweenness centrality (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">BC<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Eloc<\/jats:italic>\n                      of a given node were calculated with graph theoretical analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with HCs, the strength of structural connectivity between the dorsal anterior insula and medial prefrontal thalamus decreased (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a0.001) in CTS patients. There was no intergroup difference of area under the curve for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cp, Lp<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b8\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Eglob<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Eloc<\/jats:italic>\n                      (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt;\u00a0.05). The real-world SCN of CTS patients showed a small-world topology ranging from 2% to 32%. CTS patients showed lower nodal degrees of the dorsal anterior insula and medial prefrontal thalamus, and higher\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Eloc<\/jats:italic>\n                      of a given node and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">BC<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the lateral occipital cortex (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a0.001) and the dorsolateral middle temporal gyrus (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a0.001) than HCs, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CTS had a profound impact on brain structures from perspectives of structural connectivity and SCNs.<\/jats:p>\n                  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