{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:51:23Z","timestamp":1786125083443,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,21]],"date-time":"2017-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/about_us\/legal\/notices"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010311","name":"Core","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30 CA008748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA008748"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010311","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NEUROSURGERY","NEUROS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thalamic glioblastomas (GBMs) represent a significant neurosurgical challenge. In view of the low incidence of these tumors, outcome data and management strategies are not well defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify the natural history and factors associated with survival in patients with thalamic glioblastoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review of all patients with thalamic glioblastoma over a 10-yr period was performed. Presenting clinical, radiological, and outcome data were collected. Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare clinical characteristics across tumor groups. Cox proportional hazard models were utilized to investigate variables of interest with regard to overall survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-seven patients met inclusion criteria, with a median age of 53 and median Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score of 80. The most common presenting symptoms were weakness, confusion, and headache. Hydrocephalus was present in 47% of patients preoperatively. Stereotactic biopsy was performed in 47 cases, and 10 patients underwent craniotomy. The median overall survival was 12.2 mo. Higher KPS, younger age, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion were correlated with better overall survival univariately, respectively, while the presence of language deficits at initial presentation was associated with poorer survival. In multivariate analysis, the only significant predictor of survival was presenting KPS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall survival of patients with thalamic glioblastoma is comparable to unresectable lobar supratentorial GBMs. Younger patients and those with good presenting functional status had improved survival. Midbrain involvement by the tumor is not a negative prognostic factor. Improved therapies are needed, and patients should be considered for early trial involvement and aggressive upfront therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,23]],"date-time":"2017-05-23T23:10:46Z","timestamp":1495581046000},"page":"76-85","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Thalamic Glioblastoma: Clinical Presentation, Management Strategies, and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Yoshua","family":"Esquenazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"Moussazadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas W","family":"Link","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koos E","family":"Hovinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne S","family":"Reiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie M","family":"DiStefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Gutin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviane","family":"Tabar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bib1-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.2.JNS10998","article-title":"An extent of resection threshold for newly diagnosed glioblastomas","volume":"115","author":"Sanai","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib2-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.8.JNS12234","article-title":"Extent of resection in patients with glioblastoma: limiting factors, perception of resectability, and effect on survival","volume":"117","author":"Orringer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.4.17536","article-title":"Independent association of extent of resection with survival in patients with malignant brain astrocytoma","volume":"110","author":"McGirt","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib4-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyw174","article-title":"The survival advantage of \u201csupratotal\u201d resection of glioblastoma using selective cortical mapping and the subpial technique","volume":"81","author":"Esquenazi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib5-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19890601)63:11<2124::AID-CNCR2820631109>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Prognostic factors and results of therapy for adult thalamic and brainstem tumors","volume":"63","author":"Grigsby","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib6-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-013-0452-3","article-title":"Surgical management of thalamic gliomas: case selection, technical considerations, and review of literature","volume":"36","author":"Sai Kiran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib7-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01808830","article-title":"Thalamic gliomas: a clinicopathologic analysis of 20 cases with reference to patient age","volume":"139","author":"Nishio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"bib8-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2015.00147","article-title":"Pathology, Molecular genetics, and epigenetics of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma","volume":"5","author":"Buczkowicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib9-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-015-1936-5","article-title":"Detecting the H3F3A mutant allele found in high-grade pediatric glioma by real-time PCR","volume":"126","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib10-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12336","article-title":"Diffuse midline gliomas with histone H3-K27M mutation: a series of 47 cases assessing the spectrum of morphologic variation and associated genetic alterations","volume":"26","author":"Solomon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib11-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cancergencyto.2003.12.010","article-title":"Molecular genetic analysis of deep-seated glioblastomas","volume":"153","author":"Hayashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Genet Cytogenet"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib12-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/not144","article-title":"H3F3A K27M mutations in thalamic gliomas from young adult patients","volume":"16","author":"Aihara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"bib13-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1961.18.6.0730","article-title":"Primary tumors of the region of the thalamus","volume":"18","author":"Tovi","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib14-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1966.24.2.0505","article-title":"Thalamic tumors","volume":"24","author":"Cheek","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib15-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-007-0243-4","article-title":"The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system","volume":"114","author":"Louis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib16-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-013-0225-y","article-title":"Diagnostic challenges of primary thalamic gliomas-identification of a minimally enhancing neuroradiological subtype with aggressive neuropathology and poor clinical outcome","volume":"24","author":"Kurian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib17-20231011","first-page":"37","article-title":"Prognostic factors influencing the outcome of thalamic glioma","volume":"50","author":"Pathy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"issue":"17","key":"bib18-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.280319","article-title":"Glioblastoma and other malignant gliomas: a clinical review","volume":"310","author":"Omuro","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib19-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.95.2.0190","article-title":"A multivariate analysis of 416 patients with glioblastoma multiforme: prognosis, extent of resection, and survival","volume":"95","author":"Lacroix","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6 suppl 19","key":"bib20-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2003.11.031","article-title":"Factors influencing survival in high-grade gliomas","volume":"30","author":"Buckner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib21-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.4.JNS091340","article-title":"Factors involved in maintaining prolonged functional independence following supratentorial glioblastoma resection. Clinical article","volume":"114","author":"Chaichana","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib22-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.2.PEDS13352","article-title":"Preoperative neuropsychological and behavioral evaluation of children with thalamic tumors","volume":"13","author":"Chieffo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib23-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.102.5.0897","article-title":"Independent predictors of morbidity after image-guided stereotactic brain biopsy: a risk assessment of 270 cases","volume":"102","author":"McGirt","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib24-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198908000-00006","article-title":"Stereotactic biopsy and resection of thalamic astrocytomas","volume":"25","author":"Kelly","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"5 suppl","key":"bib25-20231011","first-page":"354","article-title":"Thalamic tumors in children: a reappraisal","volume":"106","author":"Puget","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib26-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nor045","article-title":"Thalamic high-grade gliomas in children: a distinct clinical subset?","volume":"13","author":"Kramm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib27-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.89.1.0052","article-title":"Current neurosurgical management and the impact of the extent of resection in the treatment of malignant gliomas of childhood: a report of the Children's Cancer Group trial no. CCG-945","volume":"89","author":"Wisoff","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosurg."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib28-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-014-2420-9","article-title":"Thalamic tumors in children","volume":"30","author":"Bilginer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib29-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-014-1669-x","article-title":"Impact of tumor location and pathological discordance on survival of children with midline high-grade gliomas treated on Children's Cancer Group high-grade glioma study CCG-945","volume":"121","author":"Eisenstat","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib30-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/RMR.0000000000000052","article-title":"Imaging genomics of glioblastoma: biology, biomarkers, and breakthroughs","volume":"24","author":"Moton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Top Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"bib31-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-015-0487-x","article-title":"Surgical resection of unilateral thalamic tumors in adults: approaches and outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib32-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010070001","article-title":"Thalamic astrocytomas: surgical anatomy and results of a pilot series using maximum microsurgical removal","volume":"142","author":"Steiger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib33-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1405-4","article-title":"Integrated analysis of pediatric glioblastoma reveals a subset of biologically favorable tumors with associated molecular prognostic markers","volume":"129","author":"Korshunov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib34-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-0998-0","article-title":"K27M mutation in histone H3.3 defines clinically and biologically distinct subgroups of pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas","volume":"124","author":"Khuong-Quang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib35-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2015.07.002","article-title":"The H3.3 K27M mutation results in a poorer prognosis in brainstem gliomas than thalamic gliomas in adults","volume":"46","author":"Feng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib36-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2012.08.024","article-title":"Hotspot mutations in H3F3A and IDH1 define distinct epigenetic and biological subgroups of glioblastoma","volume":"22","author":"Sturm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib37-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0715-827a","article-title":"Functionally defined therapeutic targets in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma","volume":"21","author":"Grasso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib38-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3716","article-title":"Pharmacologic inhibition of histone demethylation as a therapy for pediatric brainstem glioma","volume":"20","author":"Hashizume","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib39-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.9.FOCUS14471","article-title":"Stereotactic laser ablation of high-grade gliomas","volume":"37","author":"Hawasli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib41-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600021","article-title":"Virtual brain tumours (gliomas) enhance the reality of medical imaging and highlight inadequacies of current therapy","volume":"86","author":"Swanson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib42-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1983.1.11.710","article-title":"Analysis of survival by tumor response","volume":"1","author":"Anderson","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib43-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043331","article-title":"MGMT gene silencing and benefit from temozolomide in glioblastoma","volume":"352","author":"Hegi","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5897","key":"bib44-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1164382","article-title":"An integrated genomic analysis of human glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"321","author":"Parsons","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neurosurgery\/article-pdf\/83\/1\/76\/32600018\/nyx349.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006123-201807000-00012","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:50:02Z","timestamp":1786121402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006123-201807000-00012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,21]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuros\/nyx349","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-396X","1524-4040"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-396X","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4040","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,21]]}}}