{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T17:48:11Z","timestamp":1792086491002,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]],"date-time":"2017-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NEUROSURGERY","NEUROS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury and repair is related with cortical reorganization. However, the mechanism of innervating dual targets by 1 donor nerve is largely unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the cortical reorganization when the phrenic nerve simultaneously innervates the diaphragm and biceps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Total brachial plexus (C5-T1) injury rats were repaired by phrenic nerve\u2013musculocutaneous nerve transfer with end-to-side (n = 15) or end-to-end (n = 15) neurorrhaphy. Brachial plexus avulsion (n = 5) and sham surgery (n = 5) rats were included for control. Behavioral observation, electromyography, and histologic studies were used for confirming peripheral nerve reinnervation. Cortical representations of the diaphragm and reinnervated biceps were studied by intracortical microstimulation techniques before and at months 0.5, 3, 5, 7, and 10 after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At month 0.5 after complete brachial plexus injury, the motor representation of the injured forelimb disappeared. The diaphragm representation was preserved in the \u201cend-to-side\u201d group but absent in the \u201cend-to-end\u201d group. Rhythmic contraction of biceps appeared in \u201cend-to-end\u201d and \u201cend-to-side\u201d groups, and the biceps representation reappeared in the original biceps and diaphragm areas at months 3 and 5. At month 10, it was completely located in the original biceps area in the \u201cend-to-end\u201d group. Part of the biceps representation remained in the original diaphragm area in the \u201cend-to-side\u201d group. Destroying the contralateral motor cortex did not eliminate respiration-related contraction of biceps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The brain tends to resume biceps representation from the original diaphragm area to the original biceps area following phrenic nerve transfer. The original diaphragm area partly preserves reinnervated biceps representation after end-to-side transfer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,18]],"date-time":"2017-08-18T15:10:10Z","timestamp":1503069010000},"page":"819-826","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cortical Reorganization in Dual Innervation by Single Peripheral Nerve"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Mou-Xiong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Department of Central Laboratory, Jing\u2019an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing\u2019an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Dong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Department of Central Laboratory, Jing\u2019an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing\u2019an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu-Yun","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Department of Central Laboratory, Jing\u2019an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing\u2019an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ao-Lin","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Department of Central Laboratory, Jing\u2019an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing\u2019an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Dong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Department of Central Laboratory, Jing\u2019an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing\u2019an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, 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