{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,15]],"date-time":"2026-11-15T00:13:15Z","timestamp":1794701595898,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NEUROSURGERY","NEUROS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n FACIAL NERVE MONITORING<\/jats:title>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Question 1<\/jats:title>\n Does intraoperative facial nerve monitoring during vestibular schwannoma surgery lead to better long-term facial nerve function?<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Target Population<\/jats:title>\n This recommendation applies to adult patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma surgery regardless of tumor characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Recommendation<\/jats:title>\n Level 3: It is recommended that intraoperative facial nerve monitoring be routinely utilized during vestibular schwannoma surgery to improve long-term facial nerve function.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Question 2<\/jats:title>\n Can intraoperative facial nerve monitoring be used to accurately predict favorable long-term facial nerve function after vestibular schwannoma surgery?<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Target Population<\/jats:title>\n This recommendation applies to adult patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma surgery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Recommendation<\/jats:title>\n Level 3: Intraoperative facial nerve can be used to accurately predict favorable long-term facial nerve function after vestibular schwannoma surgery. Specifically, the presence of favorable testing reliably portends a good long-term facial nerve outcome. However, the absence of favorable testing in the setting of an anatomically intact facial nerve does not reliably predict poor long-term function and therefore cannot be used to direct decision-making regarding the need for early reinnervation procedures.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Question 3<\/jats:title>\n Does an anatomically intact facial nerve with poor electromyogram (EMG) electrical responses during intraoperative testing reliably predict poor long-term facial nerve function?<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Target Population<\/jats:title>\n This recommendation applies to adult patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma surgery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Recommendation<\/jats:title>\n Level 3: Poor intraoperative EMG electrical response of the facial nerve should not be used as a reliable predictor of poor long-term facial nerve function.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n COCHLEAR NERVE MONITORING<\/jats:title>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Question 4<\/jats:title>\n Should intraoperative eighth cranial nerve monitoring be used during vestibular schwannoma surgery?<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Target Population<\/jats:title>\n This recommendation applies to adult patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma surgery with measurable preoperative hearing levels and tumors smaller than 1.5 cm.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Recommendation<\/jats:title>\n Level 3: Intraoperative eighth cranial nerve monitoring should be used during vestibular schwannoma surgery when hearing preservation is attempted.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Question 5<\/jats:title>\n Is direct monitoring of the eighth cranial nerve superior to the use of far-field auditory brain stem responses?<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Target Population<\/jats:title>\n This recommendation applies to adult patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma surgery with measurable preoperative hearing levels and tumors smaller than 1.5 cm.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Recommendation<\/jats:title>\n Level 3: There is insufficient evidence to make a definitive recommendation.<\/jats:p>\n \u2003The full guideline can be found at: https:\/\/www.cns.org\/guidelines\/guidelines-manage-ment-patients-vestibular-schwannoma\/chapter_4.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,27]],"date-time":"2017-10-27T15:11:30Z","timestamp":1509117090000},"page":"E44-E46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines on Intraoperative Cranial Nerve Monitoring in Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Esther X","family":"Vivas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew L","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian A","family":"Neff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil T","family":"Shepard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D Jay","family":"McCracken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex D","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey J","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"container-title":["Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006123-201802000-00026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:45:45Z","timestamp":1786121145000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006123-201802000-00026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuros\/nyx513","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-396X","1524-4040"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-396X","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4040","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]]}}}