{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:50:10Z","timestamp":1790419810800,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]],"date-time":"2018-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NEUROSURGERY","NEUROS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Several hypotheses have been proposed for the pathophysiology of suprascapular nerve (SSN) palsy, including compression, traction, and nerve inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n To provide insight into the pathophysiology of isolated nontraumatic SSN palsy by performing critical reinterpretations of electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies and magnetic resonance (MR) images of patients with such diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n We retrospectively reviewed all patients referred to our institution for the past 20 yr with a diagnosis of nontraumatic isolated suprascapular neuropathy who had an upper extremity EDX study and a shoulder or brachial plexus MR scan. Patient charts were reviewed to analyze their initial clinical examination, and their original EDX study and MR images were reinterpreted by an experienced neurologist and a musculoskeletal radiologist, respectively, both blinded from the authors\u2019 hypothesis and from each other's findings.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n Fifty-nine patients were included. Fifty of them (85%) presented with at least 1 finding that was inconsistent with an isolated SSN palsy. Forty patients (68%) had signs on physical examination beyond the SSN distribution. Thirty-one patients (53%) had abnormalities on their EDX studies not related to the SSN. Twenty-two patients (37%) had denervation atrophy in other muscles than the spinati, or neural hyperintensity in other nerves than the SSN on their MR scans, without any evidence of SSN extrinsic compression.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n The great majority of patients with presumed isolated SSN palsy had clinical, electrophysiological, and\/or imaging evidence of a more diffuse pattern of neuromuscular involvement. These data strongly support an inflammatory pathophysiology in many cases of \u201cisolated\u201d SSN palsy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]],"date-time":"2018-01-30T07:12:35Z","timestamp":1517296355000},"page":"404-412","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["\u201cIsolated\u201d Suprascapular Neuropathy: Compression, Traction, or Inflammation?"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Malo","family":"Le Hanneur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"De-partment of Orthopedics and Trauma-tology \u2013 Service of Hand, Upper Limb, and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Georges-Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP), Assistance Publique \u2013 H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres A","family":"Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Plastic, Hand, and Reconstructive Sur-gery, BG Unfallklinik Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin M","family":"Howe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle L","family":"Mauermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J","family":"Spinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"bib1-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01743","article-title":"Suprascapular neuropathy","volume":"92","author":"Boykin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib2-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-197910000-00007","article-title":"Suprascapular entrapment neuropathy: a clinical, anatomical, and comparative study","volume":"5","author":"Rengachary","year":"1979","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199274010-00006","article-title":"Anatomy and relationships of the suprascapular nerve","volume":"74","author":"Warner","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"bib4-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199701000-00017","article-title":"Familial calcification of the superior transverse scapular ligament causing neuropathy","volume":"334","author":"Cohen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib5-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-2937-1","article-title":"The variable morphology of suprascapular nerve and vessels at suprascapular notch: a proposal for classification and its potential clinical implications","volume":"23","author":"Polguj","year":"2015","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib6-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199173010-00021","article-title":"Entrapment neuropathy of the suprascapular nerve by a ganglion. A report of three cases","volume":"73","author":"Ogino","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib7-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.104.4.551","article-title":"Suprascapular intraneural ganglia and glenohumeral joint connections","volume":"104","author":"Spinner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib8-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E11","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.6.FOCUS15201","article-title":"The successful arthroscopic treatment of suprascapular intraneural ganglion cysts","volume":"39","author":"Prasad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib9-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1054\/jocn.2000.0751","article-title":"Schwannoma of the suprascapular nerve presenting with atypical neuralgia: case report and review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Sharma","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib10-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(03)00182-4","article-title":"An anatomic study of the effects on the suprascapular nerve due to retraction of the supraspinatus muscle after a rotator cuff tear","volume":"12","author":"Albriton","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib11-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.81B4.0810679","article-title":"The incidence of nerve injury in anterior dislocation of the shoulder and its influence on functional recovery","volume":"81","author":"Visser","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib12-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.07.039","article-title":"Neuropathy of the suprascapular nerve and massive rotator cuff tears: a prospective electromyographic study","volume":"23","author":"Collin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib13-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.10.039","article-title":"Suprascapular neuropathy in a shoulder referral practice","volume":"20","author":"Boykin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib14-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2005.10.019","article-title":"The association of suprascapular neuropathy with massive rotator cuff tears: a preliminary report","volume":"15","author":"Mallon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib15-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.09.013","article-title":"Electromyographic evaluation after primary repair of massive rotator cuff tears","volume":"14","author":"Hoellrich","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769020-00014","article-title":"Suprascapular neuropathy in volleyball players","volume":"69","author":"Ferretti","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib17-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513477383","article-title":"Suprascapular neuropathy as a cause of swimmer's shoulder","volume":"41","author":"Arriaza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib18-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-197910000-00006","article-title":"Suprascapular entrapment neuropathy: a clinical, anatomical, and comparative study","volume":"5","author":"Rengachary","year":"1979","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib19-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000163406.14384.4F","article-title":"Management and outcomes of 42 surgical suprascapular nerve injuries and entrapments","volume":"57","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib20-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.07.016","article-title":"Homolateral hourglass-like constrictions of the axillary and suprascapular nerves: case report","volume":"34","author":"Vigasio","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Am]"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib21-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000350","article-title":"Hourglass-like constrictions of peripheral nerve in the upper extremity","volume":"75","author":"Pan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib22-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-7-255","article-title":"Utility of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of unsuspected cases of Parsonage-Turner syndrome: two case reports","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Case Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib23-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25480","article-title":"MRI bullseye sign: an indicator of peripheral nerve constriction in parsonage-turner syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Sneag","year":"2017","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib24-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.02.003","article-title":"Evaluation, treatment, and outcomes of suprascapular neuropathy: a 5-year review","volume":"6","author":"Hill","year":"2014","journal-title":"PM R"},{"issue":"6513","key":"bib25-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(48)90611-4","article-title":"Neuralgic amyotrophy the shoulder-girdle syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Parsonage","year":"1948","journal-title":"Lancet North Am Ed"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib26-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25422","article-title":"Lesion distribution among 281 patients with sporadic neuralgic amyotrophy","volume":"55","author":"Ferrante","year":"2017","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib27-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2402050405","article-title":"Parsonage-Turner syndrome: MR imaging findings and clinical information of 27 patients","volume":"240","author":"Gaskin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"bib28-20231011","first-page":"439","article-title":"The cutaneous branch of the human suprascapular nerve","volume":"185","author":"Ajmani","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"25","key":"bib29-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195906182602503","article-title":"Peripheral entrapment neuropathies of the upper extremity","volume":"260","author":"Thompson","year":"1959","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib30-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.10.003","article-title":"Arthroscopic release of suprascapular nerve entrapment at the suprascapular notch: technique and preliminary results","volume":"23","author":"Lafosse","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib31-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2007.05.004","article-title":"Percutaneous arthroscopic release of the suprascapular nerve","volume":"24","author":"Barber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib32-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.01.006","article-title":"Arthroscopic suprascapular nerve decompression: indications and surgical technique","volume":"19","author":"Romeo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib33-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e444","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000000416","article-title":"Suprascapular nerve partial section by the transverse scapular ligament","volume":"3","author":"Le Hanneur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib34-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0128361","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128361","article-title":"Incidence of neuralgic amyotrophy (Parsonage Turner Syndrome) in a primary care setting\u2014a prospective cohort study","volume":"10","author":"van Alfen","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib35-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410180308","article-title":"Brachial plexus neuropathy in the population of Rochester, Minnesota, 1970-1981","volume":"18","author":"Beghi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib36-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2011.62","article-title":"Clinical and pathophysiological concepts of neuralgic amyotrophy","volume":"7","author":"van Alfen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"bib37-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh722","article-title":"The clinical spectrum of neuralgic amyotrophy in 246 cases","volume":"129","author":"van Alfen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib38-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.04.030","article-title":"Focused high-resolution sonography of the suprascapular nerve: a simple surrogate marker for neuralgic amyotrophy","volume":"128","author":"Gruber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"suppl_4","key":"bib39-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A150","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000345355.59438.D1","article-title":"Idiopathic brachial neuritis","volume":"65","author":"Sumner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib40-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25008","article-title":"Neuralgic amyotrophy: an update on diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment","volume":"53","author":"van Eijk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib41-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31820a548c","article-title":"Peripheral nerve palsy by torsional nerve injury","volume":"68","author":"Guerra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib42-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.03.041","article-title":"Typical brachial neuritis (Parsonage-Turner syndrome) with hourglass-like constrictions in the affected nerves","volume":"36","author":"Pan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Am]"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib43-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.08.021","article-title":"Hourglass-like constriction of the suprascapular nerve: a contraindication for minimally invasive surgery","volume":"27","author":"Vigasio","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib44-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25558","article-title":"The electrodiagnostic natural history of Parsonage-Turner syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Feinberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib45-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199708000-00007","article-title":"Suprascapular neuropathy. Results of non-operative treatment","volume":"79","author":"Martin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib46-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2017.06.020","article-title":"\u201cIsolated long thoracic nerve palsy\u201d: more than meets the eye","volume":"70","author":"Maldonado","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib47-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002689","article-title":"Reinterpretation of electrodiagnostic studies and magnetic resonance imaging scans in patients with nontraumatic \"isolated\" anterior interosseous nerve palsy","volume":"138","author":"Maldonado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib48-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.11.017","article-title":"Nontraumatic \"isolated\" posterior interosseous nerve palsy: reinterpretation of electrodiagnostic studies and MRIs","volume":"70","author":"Maldonado","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006123-201902000-00014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:50:28Z","timestamp":1786121428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006123-201902000-00014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuros\/nyy050","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-396X","1524-4040"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-396X","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4040","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]]}}}