{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T14:24:13Z","timestamp":1788791053964,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]],"date-time":"2018-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg.","NEUROS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is a challenging condition that lacks a curative treatment. In selected patients, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has provided a satisfactory outcome.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the long-term outcome of SCS in FBSS, as measured by (1) the explantation rate, (2) complications, and (3) patient satisfaction with the global perceived effect (GPE).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n We studied 224 consecutive FBSS patients who underwent an SCS trial with surgically implanted leads at our hospital between January 1996 and December 2014. The patients\u2019 satisfaction with the GPE of treatment was measured through a postal questionnaire at the end of follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n Based on a 1-wk trial, permanent SCS was implanted in 175 (78%) patients. Out of these patients, 153 (87%) reported satisfactory outcomes after 2 mo. During the mean follow-up of 6 yr, 34 (19%) of SCS devices were permanently explanted due to inadequate pain relief, and 11 (6%) were explanted for other reasons.<\/jats:p>\n Electrode revision due to inadequate pain relief was done for 22 patients. In total, 26 complications were reported due to: 7 deep infections, 11 hardware malfunctions, 1 subcutaneous hematoma, 4 instances of discomfort due to the pulse generator, and 3 electrode migrations.<\/jats:p>\n One hundred thirty patients (74%) continued with SCS until the end of follow-up. Of them, 61 (47%) returned the questionnaire, and 42 (69%) reported substantially improved or better GPE.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n SCS can provide a good outcome in the treatment of FBSS. Patient selection could be further improved by developing novel predictive biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]],"date-time":"2018-04-16T07:10:36Z","timestamp":1523862636000},"page":"1011-1018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Long-Term Outcome of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: 20 Years of Experience With 224 Consecutive Patients"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Mette","family":"Nissen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery of KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiina-Mari","family":"Ik\u00e4heimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery of KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Huttunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery of KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Leinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery of KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"von und zu Fraunberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery of KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"bib1-20231011","first-page":"1","article-title":"How prevalent is chronic pain?","volume":"11","author":"Harstall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain: Clinical Updates"},{"issue":"1)","key":"bib2-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-770","article-title":"Pain as a global public health priority","volume":"11","author":"Goldberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"9)","key":"bib3-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2004.08.003","article-title":"How do people ease their pain? 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