{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T20:42:07Z","timestamp":1793997727401,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,8]],"date-time":"2018-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg.","NEUROS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) of the lower extremities have been assessed in small cohort studies; however, the actual incidence, national trends, comorbidities, and cost of care in lower extremity PNI are not defined. Lack of sufficient data limits discussion on national policies, payors, and other aspects fundamental to the delivery of care in the US.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To establish estimates of lower extremity PNIs incidence, associated diagnoses, and cost in the US using a comprehensive database with a minimum of a decade of data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The National Inpatient Sample was utilized to evaluate International Classification of Disease codes for specific lower extremity PNIs (9560\u20139568) between 2001 and 2013.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Lower extremity PNIs occurred with a mean incidence of 13.3 cases per million population annually, which declined minimally from 2001 to 2013. The mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SEM age was 41.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.1 yr; 61.1% of patients were males. Most were admitted via the emergency department (56.0%). PNIs occurred to the sciatic (16.6%), femoral (10.7%), tibial (6.0%), peroneal (33.4%), multiple nerves (1.3%), and other (32.0%). Associated diagnoses included lower extremity fracture (13.4%), complications of care (11.2%), open wounds (10.3%), crush injury (9.7%), and other (7.2%). Associated procedures included tibial fixation (23.3%), closure of skin (20.1%), debridement of open fractures (15.4%), fixation of other bones (13.5%), and wound debridement (14.5%). The mean annual unadjusted compounded growth rate of charges was 8.8%. The mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SEM annual charge over the time period was $64 031.20\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0$421.10, which was associated with the number of procedure codes (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a00.2), length of stay (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a00.6), and year (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a00.1) in a multivariable analysis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data describe associations in the treatment of lower extremity PNIs, which are important for considering national policies, costs, research and the delivery of care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]],"date-time":"2018-05-18T15:14:48Z","timestamp":1526656488000},"page":"250-256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Trends and Cost-Analysis of Lower Extremity Nerve Injury Using the National Inpatient Sample"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Chase H","family":"Foster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Karsy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Neurosciences Health Center, Stanford, Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilyas","family":"Eli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A","family":"Mahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2017.08.010","article-title":"Traumatic lower extremity and lumbosacral peripheral nerve injuries in adults: Electrodiagnostic studies and patients symptoms","volume":"52","author":"Babaei-Ghazani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib2-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.205.269","article-title":"Prognostic factors for the surgical management of peripheral nerve lesions","volume":"205","author":"Daneyemez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib3-20231011","first-page":"148","article-title":"The lower extremity nerve injuries - own experience in surgical treatment","volume":"43","author":"Gosk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib4-20231011","first-page":"43","article-title":"Lower extremity nerve trauma","volume":"72","author":"Immerman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bull Hosp Jt Dis (2013)"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib5-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.4103\/neuroindia.NI_987_16","article-title":"Peripheral nerve injuries: A retrospective survey of 1124 cases","volume":"65","author":"Kouyoumdjian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib6-20231011","first-page":"76","article-title":"Epidemiology of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries evaluated with electrodiagnostic studies in a tertiary care hospital clinic","volume":"35","author":"Miranda","year":"2016","journal-title":"P R Health Sci J"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib7-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31815e6370","article-title":"The incidence of peripheral nerve injury in extremity trauma","volume":"87","author":"Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib8-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.03.018","article-title":"Evaluation and management of peripheral nerve injury","volume":"119","author":"Campbell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib9-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8027.2010.00260.x","article-title":"Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries: epidemiological findings, neuropathic pain and quality of life in 158 patients","volume":"15","author":"Ciaramitaro","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Peripher Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"06","key":"bib10-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1215529","article-title":"Peripheral nerve injuries: an international survey of current treatments and future perspectives","volume":"25","author":"Scholz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib11-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1120","article-title":"Peripheral nerve injury: a review and approach to tissue engineered constructs","volume":"263","author":"Evans","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"bib12-20231011","article-title":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)"},{"key":"bib13-20231011","author":"Houchens","journal-title":">Nationwide Inpatient Sample Redesign: Final Report. 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