{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:44:48Z","timestamp":1786124688648,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,3]],"date-time":"2018-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg.","NEUROS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Robert J. White is probably best known as the first neurosurgeon to perform successful \u201ccephalic exchange\u201d on monkeys in 1971. However, he was also a pioneer in the field of neurosurgery and contributed tremendously to the field of neuroanesthesia and bioethics. White received medical training at the University of Minnesota, Harvard University, Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, and Mayo Clinic before becoming the first Chief of Neurosurgery at Metrohealth Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio. He made significant strides in the field of spinal cord cooling and hypothermia. White and his team was also the first to successfully isolate the monkey brain with retention of biological activity. In 2004 and 2006, White and colleagues were nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, with Harvey Cushing and Wilder Penfield being the only other 2 neurosurgeons ever to be nominated for the award. Aside from his career as a neurosurgeon, he was also an advisor to 2 popes and an advocate for animal research. By the end of his career, White performed over 10 000 brain operations and published over 1000 articles, which has pushed the frontiers of neurosurgical research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,18]],"date-time":"2018-06-18T15:10:32Z","timestamp":1529334632000},"page":"E366-E373","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Tribute to Dr Robert J. White"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Lang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Metrohealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"Cerebrovascular Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Tsiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Cerebrovascular Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina Z","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Cerebrovascular Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark D","family":"Bain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Cerebrovascular Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P","family":"Steinmetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Center for Spine Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1-20231011","article-title":"The Seminal and Sometimes Weird Science of Dr. Robert 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A man for all seasons","volume":"35","author":"Malchesky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"bib30-20231011","first-page":"127","article-title":"The Facts About Animal Research","author":"White","year":"1988","journal-title":"Readers Digest"},{"key":"bib31-20231011","article-title":"The Animal Rights Debate. 4720 Boston Way, Lanham, Maryland 20706: Rowman & Littlefield","author":"Cohen","year":"2001"},{"key":"bib32-20231011","article-title":"The Plain Dealer","author":"White","year":"2015"},{"key":"bib33-20231011","article-title":"Brain expert dies at 84","author":"FEATHER","year":"2010","journal-title":"Star Beacon"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006123-201908000-00062","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:44:17Z","timestamp":1786121057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006123-201908000-00062"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuros\/nyy321","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-396X","1524-4040"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-396X","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4040","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,3]]}}}