{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:44:52Z","timestamp":1786124692372,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":296,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg.","NEUROS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To understand the substrates of response and nonresponse and to identify potential biomarkers for the selection and follow-up of patients with essential tremor (ET) treated with Gamma Knife (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) of the ventral intermediate nucleus (GKVIM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize positron emission tomography (PET) changes in the metabolism of glucose and metabolic connectivity in patients with ET treated by GKVIM through observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty-two patients with right ET were referred to\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F-fluorodesoxyglucose positron emission tomography (\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F-FDG PET) imaging before and after left GKVIM. Statistical Parametric Mapping T-score map comparisons were performed between pre- and post-GKVIM groups and between clinical responders and nonresponders. Metabolic connectivity was evaluated by the interregional correlation analysis method.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After GKVIM, patients with ET exhibited decreased left thalamic metabolism, which was associated with remote metabolic decreases in the right cerebellum, left temporal gyri, and bilateral frontal gyri (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05, family-wise error-corrected). Additionally, nonresponders (n\u00a0=\u00a07) showed metabolic decreases in the right temporo-occipital area (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.005 corrected for cluster volume) after GKVIM. The metabolism in this area was already reduced in nonresponders before treatment in comparison to that in responders and was predictive of future response (sensitivity: 89%; specificity: 71%). In nonresponder patients, strong connectivity between the left thalamus and right temporo-occipital area was found before GKVIM and was lost after treatment, whereas this connectivity remained weak and stable in responders.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings could lead to better knowledge of the variability in the metabolic PET profiles among patients with ET, particularly the integration of\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F-FDG PET imaging in the pretherapeutic evaluation of patients with refractory ET candidates for GKVIM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]],"date-time":"2018-06-27T03:17:15Z","timestamp":1530069435000},"page":"E294-E303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Metabolic Positron Emission Tomography Response to Gamma Knife of the Ventral Intermediate Nucleus in Essential Tremor"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Antoine","family":"Verger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Timone University Hospital, France"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine & Nancyclotep Imaging platform, CHRU Nancy, Lorraine University, France"},{"name":"IADI, INSERM, UMR 947, Lorraine University, Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Witjas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Timone University Hospital, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Carron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Timone University Hospital, France"},{"name":"INSERM, UMR 1106, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Eusebio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Timone University Hospital, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Boutin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Timone University Hospital, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Azulay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Timone University Hospital, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Regis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Timone University Hospital, France"},{"name":"INSERM, UMR 1106, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Guedj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Timone University Hospital, France"},{"name":"Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France"},{"name":"CERIMED, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"bib1-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10376","article-title":"Prevalence of essential tremor in three elderly populations of central Spain","volume":"18","author":"Benito-Le\u00f3n","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov Disord."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib2-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.1397","article-title":"Tremor","volume":"311","author":"Elias","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib3-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002173420703","article-title":"A comparison of continuous thalamic stimulation and thalamotomy for suppression of severe tremor","volume":"342","author":"Schuurman","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12 suppl 6","key":"bib4-20231011","first-page":"S29","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the Vim nucleus of the thalamus for the treatment of tremor","volume":"55","author":"Koller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib5-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182350893","article-title":"Gamma Knife Thalamotomy for Parkinson Disease and essential tremor","volume":"70","author":"Ohye","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"18","key":"bib6-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002087","article-title":"A prospective single-blind study of Gamma Knife thalamotomy for tremor","volume":"85","author":"Witjas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib7-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199907130-00022","article-title":"Cerebral glucose metabolism in unilateral entorhinal cortex-lesioned rats","volume":"10","author":"Hayashi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib8-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.8.1519","article-title":"Neocortical and hippocampal glucose hypometabolism following neurotoxic lesions of the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices in the non-human primate as shown by PET","volume":"122","author":"Meguro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib9-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww223","article-title":"Progressive gait ataxia following deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: adverse effect or lack of efficacy","volume":"139","author":"Reich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib10-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14132112","article-title":"Thalamic connectivity in patients with essential tremor treated with MR imaging\u2013guided focused ultrasound: in vivo fiber tracking by using diffusion-tensor MR imaging","volume":"272","author":"Wintermark","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"bib11-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63233-3.00015-4","article-title":"Essential tremor","volume":"147","author":"Clark","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib12-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-017-3317-7","article-title":"Assessing the clinical outcome of Vim radiosurgery with voxel-based morphometry: visual areas are linked with tremor arrest!","volume":"159","author":"Tuleasca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib13-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-017-3317-7","article-title":"Assessing the clinical outcome of Vim radiosurgery with voxel-based morphometry: visual areas are linked with tremor arrest!","volume":"159","author":"Tuleasca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib14-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12891","article-title":"Pretherapeutic functional neuroimaging predicts tremor arrest after thalamotomy","volume":"137","author":"Tuleasca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib15-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-017-3456-x","article-title":"Clinical response to Vim's thalamic stereotactic radiosurgery for essential tremor is associated with distinctive functional connectivity patterns","volume":"160","author":"Tuleasca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib16-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/118.6.1485","article-title":"Does the enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission influence brain glucose kinetics and clinical symptomatology in progressive supranuclear palsy?","volume":"118","author":"Blin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib17-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh526","article-title":"Treatment-responsive limbic encephalitis identified by neuropil antibodies: MRI and PET correlates","volume":"128","author":"Ances","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol"},{"issue":"1387","key":"bib18-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1999.0471","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms of brain energy metabolism and their relevance to functional brain imaging","volume":"354","author":"Magistretti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib19-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26349","article-title":"A preoperative metabolic marker of parkinsonian apathy following subthalamic nucleus stimulation","volume":"30","author":"Gesqui\u00e8re-Dando","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib20-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-008-0808-z","article-title":"Metabolic connectivity by interregional correlation analysis using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and FDG brain PET; methodological development and patterns of metabolic connectivity in adults","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib21-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-015-3057-y","article-title":"Rhinal hypometabolism on FDG PET in healthy APO-E4 carriers: impact on memory function and metabolic networks","volume":"42","author":"Didic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib22-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000494","article-title":"Metabolic connectivity","volume":"30","author":"Yakushev","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"issue":"11 suppl 4","key":"bib23-20231011","first-page":"677","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for essential tremor and differential diagnosis","volume":"54","author":"Elble","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"bib24-20231011","first-page":"225","article-title":"Clinical rating scale for tremor","author":"Fahn","year":"1988"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib25-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22173","article-title":"Cut-off score of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale for screening dementia in Parkinson's disease","volume":"23","author":"Llebaria","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib26-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsp052","article-title":"Type I and Type II error concerns in fMRI research: re-balancing the scale","volume":"4","author":"Lieberman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"bib27-20231011","first-page":"3","article-title":"On the probable error of a coefficient of correlation deduced from a small sample","volume":"1","author":"Fisher","year":"1921","journal-title":"Metron"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib28-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.87.2.245","article-title":"Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix","volume":"87","author":"Steiger","year":"1980","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib29-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21412","article-title":"Assessment of interrater and intrarater reliability of the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale in essential tremor","volume":"22","author":"Stacy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib30-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-010-0226-5","article-title":"Is radiosurgery a neuromodulation therapy?","volume":"98","author":"R\u00e9gis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib31-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.1.JNS121111","article-title":"Gamma Knife thalamotomy for tremor in the magnetic resonance imaging era","volume":"118","author":"Kooshkabadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"49","key":"bib32-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1936","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001936","article-title":"Altered functional connectivity in essential tremor: a resting-state fMRI study","volume":"94","author":"Benito-Le\u00f3n","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib33-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2015.16.5.967","article-title":"Differences in Regional Glucose Metabolism of the Brain Measured with F-18-FDG-PET in Patients with Essential Tremor According to Their Response to Beta-Blockers","volume":"16","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib34-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.07.048","article-title":"Cytology and functionally correlated circuits of human posterior cingulate areas","volume":"29","author":"Vogt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib35-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx338","article-title":"A widespread visually-sensitive functional network relates to symptoms in essential tremor","volume":"141","author":"Archer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib36-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4138","article-title":"White matter correlates of cognitive impairment in essential tremor","volume":"36","author":"Bhalsing","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib37-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000240130.94408.99","article-title":"Voxel-based morphometry shows no decreases in cerebellar gray matter volume in essential tremor","volume":"i","author":"Daniels","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib38-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7845-x","article-title":"A multimodal neuroimaging study of a case of crossed nonfluent\/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia","volume":"262","author":"Spinelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib39-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3360","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22407","article-title":"Right hemispheric dominance of visual phenomena evoked by intracerebral stimulation of the human visual cortex","volume":"35","author":"Jonas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006123-201906000-00021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:44:20Z","timestamp":1786121060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006123-201906000-00021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuros\/nyy340","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-396X","1524-4040"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-396X","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4040","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]]}}}