{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:51:43Z","timestamp":1786125103177,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]],"date-time":"2018-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NEUROSURGERY","NEUROS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>QUESTION 1<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Which neurological assessment tools have demonstrated internal reliability and validity in the management of patients with thoracic and lumbar fractures (ie, do these instruments provide consistent information between different care providers)?<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RECOMMENDATION 1<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Numerous neurologic assessment scales (Functional Independence Measure, Sunnybrook Cord Injury Scale and Frankel Scale for Spinal Cord Injury) have demonstrated internal reliability and validity in the management of patients with thoracic and lumbar fractures. Unfortunately, other contemporaneous measurement scales (ie, American Spinal Cord Injury Association Impairment Scale) have not been specifically studied in patients with thoracic and lumbar fractures.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Strength of Recommendation: Grade C<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>QUESTION 2<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Are there any clinical findings (eg, presenting neurological grade\/function) in patients with thoracic and lumbar fractures that can assist in predicting clinical outcomes?<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RECOMMENDATION 2<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Entry American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grade, sacral sensation, ankle spasticity, urethral and rectal sphincter function, and AbH motor function can be used to predict neurological function and outcome in patients with thoracic and lumbar fractures (Table I https:\/\/www.cns.org\/guideline-chapters\/congress-neurological-surgeons-systematic-review-evidence-based-guidelines\/chapter_4_table1).<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Strength of Recommendation: Grade B<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>The full version of the guideline can be reviewed at: https:\/\/www.cns.org\/guideline-chapters\/congress-neurological-surgeons-systematic-review-evidence-based-guidelines\/chapter_4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]],"date-time":"2018-07-16T23:24:28Z","timestamp":1531783468000},"page":"E32-E35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines on the Evaluation and Treatment of Patients With Thoracolumbar Spine Trauma: Neurological Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"James S","family":"Harrop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and Orthopedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John H","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew T","family":"Dailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay S","family":"Dhall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt M","family":"Eichholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Louis Minimally Invasive Spine Center, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J","family":"Hoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheeraz","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig H","family":"Rabb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P B","family":"Raksin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, John H. Stroger, Jr Hospital of Cook County and Department of Neurological Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E","family":"O\u2019Toole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1-20231011","first-page":"83","article-title":"Incomplete neural deficits in thoracolumbar and lumbar spine fractures","volume":"18","author":"Davis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"bib2-20231011","first-page":"127","article-title":"Factors influencing 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