{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:45:41Z","timestamp":1786124741718,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]],"date-time":"2019-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg.","NEUROS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The border between the United States (US) and Mexico is an international boundary spanning 3000 km, where unauthorized crossings occur regularly. We examine patterns of neurotrauma, health care utilization, and financial costs at our level 1 trauma center incurred by patients from wall-jumping into the US.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the clinical and socioeconomic consequences from neurotrauma as a result of jumping over the US\u2013Mexico border wall.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records of patients at (Banner University of Arizona Medical Center - Tucson) were retrospectively reviewed from January 2012 through December 2017. Demographics, clinical status, radiographic findings, treatment, length of stay, and financial data were analyzed for all patients suffering neurotrauma during that time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over 6 yr, 64 patients sustained cranial or spinal injuries directly from jumping or falling onto US soil from the border wall. Fifty (78%) suffered spinal injuries, 15 (23%) experienced cranial injury, and 1 patient had both. Total medical charges were available in 36 patients and summed $3.6 M, of which 22% was reimbursed, an amount significantly lower than expected from more conventional trauma. Neurotrauma steadily declined over the 6-yr observation period, dropping in 2017 to 6% of rates observed in 2012.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the Southern US, neurotrauma from unauthorized border crossings occurs commonly as a result of wall-jumping. These injuries represent a clinical and costly extreme of border-related trauma, and future efforts from both sides of the border wall are needed to decrease the detrimental impacts felt both by immigrants and surrounding health care systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyz050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,31]],"date-time":"2019-01-31T07:49:11Z","timestamp":1548920951000},"page":"E502-E508","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Neurotrauma From Border Wall Jumping: 6 Years at the Mexican\u2013American Border Wall"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Wyatt L","family":"Ramey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Banner University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Tucson, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina M","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Banner University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Tucson, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Zeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Banner University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Tucson, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis M","family":"Dumont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Banner University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Tucson, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G Michael","family":"Lemole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Banner University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Tucson, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R John","family":"Hurlbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Banner University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Tucson, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1-20231011","journal-title":"US, Mexico Open First New Border Crossing in 10 Years"},{"key":"bib2-20231011","journal-title":"ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION Border-Crossing Deaths Have Doubled Since 1995; Border Patrol's Efforts to Prevent Deaths Have Not Been Fully Evaluated"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib7-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e432","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20170117-05","article-title":"Analysis of musculoskeletal injuries sustained in falls from the United States\u2013Mexico border fence","volume":"40","author":"Burk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib8-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2006.07.002","article-title":"Falls from height: spine, spine, spine!","volume":"203","author":"Velmahos","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib9-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-198203000-00008","article-title":"Blunt force lesions related to the height of a fall","volume":"3","author":"Gupta","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib10-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198608000-00005","article-title":"An analysis of 161 falls from a height: the jumper syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Scalea","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib11-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1310\/sci1604-1","article-title":"Costs of care following spinal cord injury","volume":"16","author":"DeVivo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Topics Spinal Cord Injury Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib12-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-199106000-00010","article-title":"Head injuries: costs and consequences","volume":"6","author":"Max","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1093\/neuros\/nyz050","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:45:03Z","timestamp":1786121103000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1093\/neuros\/nyz050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuros\/nyz050","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-396X","1524-4040"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-396X","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4040","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]]}}}