{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:04:43Z","timestamp":1791255883566,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg.","NEUROS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lumbar degenerative disc disease is a pathologic process that affects a large portion of our aging population. In the recent past, surgical treatment has involved fusion procedures. However, lumbar disc arthroplasty and replacement provides an alternative for carefully selected patients. It provides the major advantage of motion preservation and thus keeps adjacent segments from significantly progressive degeneration. The history of lumbar disc replacement has roots that start in the 1960s with the implantation of stainless-steel balls. Decades later, multiple implants with different material design and biomechanical properties were introduced to the market. New third-generation implants have made great strides in improved biomechanics and clinical outcomes. Although there is room for further advancement and studies are warranted to assess the long-term durability and sustainability of lumbar disc arthroplasty, it has certainly proven to be a very acceptable alternative within the surgical armamentarium that should be offered to patients who meet indications. In this review we present an overview of lumbar disc arthroplasty including its history, indications, biomechanics, challenges, and future directions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyz439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]],"date-time":"2019-10-02T07:19:04Z","timestamp":1570000744000},"page":"155-169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Lumbar Arthroplasty: Past, Present, and Future"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Faheem A","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Dowlati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolando","family":"Garica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Care Center, Aventura, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"bib1-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20232","article-title":"Estimating the global burden of low back pain attributable to combined occupational exposures","volume":"48","author":"Punnett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib2-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.04.022","article-title":"Lumbar disc nomenclature: version 2.0","volume":"14","author":"Fardon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"bib3-20240906","first-page":"154","article-title":"Arthroplasty with intercorporal endoprothesis in herniated disc and in painful disc","volume":"357","author":"Fernstr\u00f6m","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand Suppl"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib4-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00268042","article-title":"Biomechanics of the SB Charit\u00e9 lumbar intervertebral disc endoprosthesis","volume":"13","author":"B\u00fcttner-Janz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"16","key":"bib5-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199408150-00009","article-title":"A multicenter retrospective study of the clinical results of the LINK SB Charit\u00e9 intervertebral prosthesis. 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