{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:30:07Z","timestamp":1788273007196,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg.","NEUROS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The real-time detection of concussive injury in professional sports can be challenging for the healthcare provider on the sideline. It can be difficult to monitor all on-field players during active game play and diagnose complex injuries such as concussion during a fast-paced athletic event.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To enhance the in-game identification of potentially concussed professional athletes, the National Football League (NFL) initiated an Unaffiliated Neurotrauma Consultants (UNC) program in 2013, which, in tandem with other in-arena spotters and live video review systems, is designed to improve the safety of the players through enhanced concussion detection efforts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper reports on the evolution of the UNC program, describes its participants and training requirements, details the role of UNC involvement, and delineates the systematic revisions and enhancements completed each year in the program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UNC reporting compliance has increased from 56% in 2014 to 100% in 2017. During the 2016 and 2017 seasons, (1) UNCs submitted an average of 1.9 evaluations per game, and (2) the UNC concussion assessments yielded sensitivity (93.4%-97.4%) and specificity (81.0%-88.3%) values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The UNC program has enhanced the detection of concussion in NFL players. Directions for research and future program improvements are addressed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyz481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]],"date-time":"2019-10-02T15:37:53Z","timestamp":1570030673000},"page":"312-319","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Enhancing Concussion Management in the National Football League: Evolution and Initial Results of the Unaffiliated Neurotrauma Consultants Program, 2012-2017"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"Mack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IQVIA, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel R","family":"Sendor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IQVIA, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0674-0718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"},{"name":"National Football League, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard G","family":"Ellenbogen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Football League, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchel","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California-San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen","family":"Sills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"},{"name":"National Football League, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"bib1-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20160910","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-0910","article-title":"Removal from play after concussion and recovery time","volume":"38","author":"Elbin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib2-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-51.5.02","article-title":"\u201cPlaying through it\u201d: delayed reporting and removal from athletic activity after concussion predicts prolonged recovery","volume":"51","author":"Asken","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib3-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518757984","article-title":"Immediate removal from activity after sport-related concussion is associated with shorter clinical recovery and less severe symptoms in collegiate student-athletes","volume":"46","author":"Asken","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib4-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport\u2014the 5th international conference on concussion in sport held in Berlin, October 2016","volume":"51","author":"McCrory","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib5-20231011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097441","article-title":"What are the critical elements of sideline screening that can be used to establish the diagnosis of concussion? 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