{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T12:41:49Z","timestamp":1769604109592,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":123,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000015","name":"Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012-701423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012-701423"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["123537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["123537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["156164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["156164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pediatric brain tumor survivors are at an increased risk for white matter (WM) injury. However, damage to whole-brain structural connectivity is unelucidated. The impact of treatment on WM connectivity was investigated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Whole-brain WM networks were derived from diffusion tensor imaging data acquired for 28 irradiated patients (radiotherapy, RT) (mean age = 13.74 \u00b1 3.32 years), 13 patients not irradiated (No RT) (mean age = 12.57 \u00b1 2.87), and 41 typically developing children (TDC) (mean age = 13.32 \u00b1 2.92 years). Differences in network properties were analyzed using robust regressions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participation coefficient was lower in both patient groups (RT: adj. P = .015; No RT: adj. P = .042). Compared to TDC, RT had greater clustering (adj. P = .015), local efficiency (adj. P = .003), and modularity (adj. P = .000003). WM traced from hubs was damaged in patients: left hemisphere pericallosal sulcus (FA [F = 4.97; q &amp;lt; 0.01]; MD [F = 11.02; q &amp;lt; 0.0001]; AD [F = 10.00; q &amp;lt; 0.0001]; RD [F = 8.53; q &amp;lt; 0.0001]), right hemisphere pericallosal sulcus (FA [F = 8.87; q &amp;lt; 0.0001]; RD [F = 8.27; q &amp;lt; 0.001]), and right hemisphere parietooccipital sulcus (MD [F = 5.78; q &amp;lt; 0.05]; RD [F = 5.12; q &amp;lt; 0.05]).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Findings indicate greater segregation of WM networks after RT. Intermodular connectivity was lower after treatment with and without RT. No significant network differences were observed between patient groups. Our results are discussed in the context of a network approach that emphasizes interactions between brain regions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/noajnl\/vdac064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T19:31:40Z","timestamp":1651779100000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Abnormalities of structural brain connectivity in pediatric brain tumor survivors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7272-2393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adeoye","family":"Oyefiade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iska","family":"Moxon-Emre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiran","family":"Beera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6832-6539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Bouffet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6557-895X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay","family":"Ramaswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Laughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jovanka","family":"Skocic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald J","family":"Mabbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada"},{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.15","article-title":"Network dysfunction after traumatic brain injury","volume":"10","author":"Sharp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2012.09.011","article-title":"Brain connectivity and postural control in young traumatic brain injury patients: a diffusion MRI based network analysis","volume":"1","author":"Caeyenberghs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22664","article-title":"Structural connectivity abnormality in children with acute mild traumatic brain injury using graph theoretical analysis","volume":"36","author":"Yuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.07.2293","article-title":"White and gray matter abnormalities after cranial radiation in children and mice","volume":"93","author":"Nieman","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.1.PEDS15580","article-title":"Vulnerability of white matter to insult during childhood: evidence from patients treated for medulloblastoma","volume":"18","author":"Moxon-Emre","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nou306","article-title":"White matter compromise predicts poor intellectual outcome in survivors of pediatric low-grade glioma","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.1.48","article-title":"Intrathecal methotrexate affects cognitive function in children with medulloblastoma","volume":"59","author":"Riva","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.003","article-title":"Complex network measures of brain connectivity: uses and interpretations","volume":"52","author":"Rubinov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"issue":"24","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10240","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701519104","article-title":"Network structure of cerebral cortex shapes functional connectivity on multiple time scales","volume":"104","author":"Honey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.04.051","article-title":"Modular segregation of structural brain networks supports the development of executive function in youth","volume":"27","author":"Baum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12662","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12662","article-title":"Children\u2019s academic attainment is linked to the global organization of the white matter connectome","volume":"21","author":"Bathelt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev Sci."},{"key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2012.11.006","article-title":"Altered functional and structural brain network organization in autism","volume":"2","author":"Rudie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht333","article-title":"Preferential detachment during human brain development: age- and sex-specific structural connectivity in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data","volume":"25","author":"Lim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5043","article-title":"Structural connectivity analysis in children with segmental callosal agenesis","volume":"38","author":"Severino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol."},{"key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tine.2019.02.004","article-title":"Whole-brain white matter organization, intelligence, and educational attainment","volume":"15","author":"Bathelt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci Educ."},{"issue":"26","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10676","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4793-12.2013","article-title":"Probabilistic diffusion tractography and graph theory analysis reveal abnormal white matter structural connectivity networks in drug-naive boys with attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"33","author":"Cao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1076","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging: concepts and applications","volume":"13","author":"Le Bihan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging."},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.782","article-title":"The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system\u2014a technical review","volume":"15","author":"Beaulieu","year":"2002","journal-title":"NMR Biomed."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000258","article-title":"White matter and information processing speed following treatment with cranial-spinal radiation for pediatric brain tumor","volume":"30","author":"Scantlebury","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychology."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.07.2293","article-title":"White and gray matter abnormalities after cranial radiation in children and mice","volume":"93","author":"Nieman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys."},{"issue":"10","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nox062","article-title":"Disrupted development and integrity of frontal white matter in patients treated for pediatric medulloblastoma","volume":"19","author":"Glass","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021","article-title":"FreeSurfer","volume":"62","author":"Fischl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.010","article-title":"Automatic parcellation of human cortical gyri and sulci using standard anatomical nomenclature","volume":"53","author":"Destrieux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051","article-title":"Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL","volume":"23","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116137","article-title":"MRtrix3: a fast, flexible and open software framework for medical image processing and visualisation","volume":"202","author":"Tournier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.05.011","article-title":"Overcoming the effects of false positives and threshold bias in graph theoretical analyses of neuroimaging data","volume":"118","author":"Drakesmith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20517","article-title":"Small-world properties of nonlinear brain activity in schizophrenia","volume":"30","author":"Rubinov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp."},{"key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0028","first-page":"1","article-title":"GRETNA: a graph theoretical network analysis toolbox for imaging connectomics","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1790","article-title":"Exuberance in the development of cortical networks","volume":"6","author":"Innocenti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2806","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22368","article-title":"Development of superficial white matter and its structural interplay with cortical gray matter in children and adolescents","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23836","article-title":"Development of short-range white matter in healthy children and adolescents","volume":"39","author":"Oyefiade","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3929","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23286","article-title":"Longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging after pediatric traumatic brain injury: impact of age at injury and time since injury on pathway integrity","volume":"37","author":"Ewing-Cobbs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"9","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24678","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024678","article-title":"Development trends of white matter connectivity in the first years of life","volume":"6","author":"Yap","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00716","article-title":"Graph theoretical analysis of developmental patterns of the white matter network","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci."},{"issue":"44","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19067","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009073107","article-title":"White matter maturation reshapes structural connectivity in the late developing human brain","volume":"107","author":"Hagmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.09.004","article-title":"Development of brain structural connectivity between ages 12 and 30: a 4-Tesla diffusion imaging study in 439 adolescents and adults","volume":"64","author":"Dennis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63310","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063310","article-title":"A DTI-based template-free cortical connectome study of brain maturation","volume":"8","author":"Tymofiyeva","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"23","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.3971","article-title":"Chronic aspects of pediatric traumatic brain injury: review of the literature","volume":"32","author":"Babikian","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"026113","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.69.026113","article-title":"Finding and evaluating community structure in networks","volume":"69","author":"Newman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys Rev E Stat Nonlinear Soft Matter Phys."},{"issue":"28","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11583","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1220826110","article-title":"Cognitive relevance of the community structure of the human brain functional coactivation network","volume":"110","author":"Crossley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.09.012","article-title":"Network hubs in the human brain","volume":"17","author":"van den Heuvel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci."},{"issue":"29","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4765","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.17.1371","article-title":"Cognitive and adaptive outcome in extracerebellar low-grade brain tumors in children: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"26","author":"Ris","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11119","article-title":"Survival and functional outcome of children with hypothalamic\/chiasmatic tumors","volume":"97","author":"Fouladi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.08.060","article-title":"White matter fractional anisotropy correlates with speed of processing and motor speed in young childhood cancer survivors","volume":"74","author":"Aukema","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys."},{"key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.06.016","article-title":"How do parcellation size and short-range connectivity affect dynamics in large-scale brain network models?","volume":"142","author":"Proix","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022072012585720900_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20508","article-title":"Diffusional kurtosis imaging: the quantification of non-Gaussian water diffusion by means of magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"53","author":"Jensen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med."}],"container-title":["Neuro-Oncology Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/noa\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/noajnl\/vdac064\/43540059\/vdac064.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/noa\/article-pdf\/4\/1\/vdac064\/45030363\/vdac064.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/noa\/article-pdf\/4\/1\/vdac064\/45030363\/vdac064.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T13:01:18Z","timestamp":1658322078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/noa\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/noajnl\/vdac064\/6580016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/noajnl\/vdac064","relation":{},"ISSN":["2632-2498"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2632-2498","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"article-number":"vdac064"}}