{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T23:04:20Z","timestamp":1781478260967,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":352,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Duke University Department of Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive surgical treatment being employed frequently for radiographically progressive brain metastases. Considerable interest exists in combining LITT-mediated in situ vaccination to license immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). No studies have examined the clinical feasibility of this combination in brain metastases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All patients receiving LITT for radiographically progressive non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) brain metastases at a single center from 2015 to 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Combination therapy was defined as ICB within 6 weeks of LITT. Clinical data, post-LITT freedom from local progression, and overall survival (OS) were collected. Adverse events (AEs) were evaluated according to Common Terminology Criteria.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eighteen patients received LITT\u2005+\u2005ICB for a total of 19 lesions. The median time between therapies was 2.29 weeks (range 0.85\u20135.98). In comparison to NSCLC patients receiving LITT alone or with targeted therapy (LITT only) (n\u2005=\u200525), there was no decrement in procedural outcomes. Patients receiving LITT\u2005+\u2005ICB discontinued steroids at a median of 11 (4\u2013147) days post-LITT vs. 24 (3\u2013242) days for patients receiving LITT only (P\u2005=\u2005.62). At study cutoff, the local control rate was 18\/19 (94.7%) lesions in the LITT\u2005+\u2005ICB group and 22\/25 (88.0%) in the LITT only group. There were 3 and 5 AEs \u2265Grade 3 in the LITT\u2005+\u2005ICB and LITT-only groups, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Combination of LITT and ICB does not compromise procedural outcomes or time to steroid discontinuation in NSCLC. Prospective studies are needed to assess biomarkers of immune response.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/noajnl\/vdae207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T18:41:03Z","timestamp":1734547263000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Combination checkpoint blockade and laser interstitial thermal therapy in radiographically progressive non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9186-7261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aden P","family":"Haskell-Mendoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan S","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University Hospital , Baltimore, Maryland,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariel T","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellery H","family":"Reason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua D","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann Marie","family":"Flusche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas P","family":"Wachsmuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Lerner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delaney","family":"Underwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan D","family":"Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Shared Resource, Duke Cancer Institute , Durham, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saif E","family":"Zaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7998-3588","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"II","given":"James E","family":"Herndon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2912-8695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter E","family":"Fecci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2024122310405668200_CIT0001","first-page":"vdad031","article-title":"Efficacy of laser interstitial thermal therapy for biopsy-proven radiation necrosis in radiographically recurrent brain metastases","volume":"5","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurooncol. 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