{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:15:37Z","timestamp":1791908137149,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":80,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Brain metastases (BrM) from prostate cancer (PC) are rare. This study sought to evaluate their prevalence, clinical features, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From a database of BrM patients, we analyzed 28 cases of prostate cancer treated at our center between 2008 and 2023.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>BrM from PC comprised 0.7% of cases. The majority of patients had high-risk features at PC diagnosis: median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at diagnosis was 65.5\u00a0ng\/ml (range: 3.9\u2013784.7\u00a0ng\/ml), 82% were Gleason grade group \u2265 4, and 68% had perineural invasion (PNI). At BrM diagnosis, 79% were castrate-resistant. Most patients had concurrent metastases, including bone (94%), lymph nodes (63%), or lung (6%). Fifty percent presented with a single brain lesion, and the median Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA) score was 1.5 (range: 0.5\u20132.5). Patients commonly had radiographic brain edema (57%) and neurological symptoms (54%), whereas only 7% had seizures. Median overall survival (OS) was 9.4 months (95% CI: 4.8\u201314.8 months) after BrM diagnosis. An upward trend in OS was observed with higher GPA (P\u2005=\u2005.07). Treatment modalities, including surgery with adjuvant radiation, stereotactic radiosurgery, and whole brain radiotherapy, showed no significant difference in median OS (9.4, 10.1, and 11.0 months respectively, P\u2005=\u2005.79). OS did not significantly differ between patients with a single versus multiple BrM or patients with castrate-sensitive versus castrate-resistant PC.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>BrMs from prostate cancer are rare and predominantly occur in patients with advanced, castrate-resistant disease, often accompanied by other metastases. This analysis enhances our understanding of the disease trajectory and informs treatment discussions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/noajnl\/vdaf063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T12:15:40Z","timestamp":1742732140000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Survival outcomes and clinical characteristics of brain metastases from prostate cancer: A single-center analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Kurl","family":"Jamora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeodatus Vito","family":"Nicanor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medicine 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,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eshetu","family":"Atenafu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivas","family":"Raman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1880-6905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Berlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Catton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara-Ann","family":"Millar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Normand","family":"Laperriere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Conrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health 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