{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:58:37Z","timestamp":1791665917868,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031022","name":"Center for Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIA BC 011877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIA BC 011877"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031022","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunotherapy, while effective for many extra-cranial solid tumors, has not shown benefits against glioblastoma. Limited T cell infiltration and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) are among the main barriers to successful immunotherapy. We hypothesized that blocking the chemokine CXCL12 would modulate the TME composition and reverse GBM resistance to immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used a syngeneic murine SB28 GBM model resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and compared orthotopic and subcutaneous tumors to differentiate tumor-intrinsic factors from CNS-related barriers. We treated SB28 tumor-bearing mice with vehicle, ICI, CXCL12 inhibitor (NOX-A12), or a combination of NOX-A12 with ICI. We assessed treatment effects on immune cell populations in the blood and the TME, and on tumor growth and mouse survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ICI alone increased effector CD8+T cells in subcutaneous tumors but did not alter immune subsets in intracranial tumors. The combination of NOX-A12 and ICI increased effector CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in both models. In subcutaneous tumors, combination treatment also reduced MHC-IIlow tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and slowed tumor growth. However, in orthotopic tumors, TAM populations remained unaffected, and survival was not extended, despite similar T-cell modulation, supporting the role of TAM in mediating GBM resistance to ICI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CXCL12 inhibition demonstrates therapeutic potential in facilitating anti-tumor immune response by dual mechanism, including T cell expansion and TAM reduction. The inability to deplete TAMs and improve survival in intracranial GBM underscores the need to address brain-specific mechanisms underlying TAM persistence to advance immunotherapy in GBM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/noajnl\/vdag118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T12:20:24Z","timestamp":1777638024000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Inhibition of chemokine CXCL12 modulates the tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma and potentiates immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in a tissue-specific manner"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Makranz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, Maryland,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Huguely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, Maryland,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meili","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, Maryland,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dionne","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, Maryland,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brita","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, Maryland,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuesday","family":"Haynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, Maryland,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Spurgeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, Maryland,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, Maryland,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Briceno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH , Bethesda, Maryland,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, Maryland,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, Maryland,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0076-9920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideho","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, Maryland,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, Maryland,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, Maryland,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, Washington, (M.R.G.)","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1777-0189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaki","family":"Terabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, Maryland,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iv1","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaf194","article-title":"CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2018\u20132022","volume":"27","author":"Price","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-024-01226-x","article-title":"Immunotherapy for glioblastoma: current state, challenges, and future perspectives","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823618","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.823618","article-title":"Immunotherapy in lung cancer: current landscape and future directions","volume":"13","author":"Mamdani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15041106","article-title":"Immunotherapy in melanoma: recent advances and future directions","volume":"15","author":"Knight","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI163447","article-title":"Immune checkpoint blockade in glioblastoma: from tumor heterogeneity to personalized treatment","volume":"133","author":"Arrieta","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noac099","article-title":"Radiotherapy combined with nivolumab or temozolomide for newly diagnosed glioblastoma with unmethylated MGMT promoter: an international randomized phase III trial","volume":"25","author":"Omuro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noac116","article-title":"Phase III trial of chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide plus nivolumab or placebo for newly diagnosed glioblastoma with methylated MGMT promoter","volume":"24","author":"Lim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.1024","article-title":"Effect of nivolumab vs bevacizumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma: the CheckMate 143 phase 3 randomized clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Reardon","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671044","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.671044","article-title":"Exploiting radiation therapy to restore immune reactivity of glioblastoma","volume":"11","author":"De Martino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0337-7","article-title":"Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 immunotherapy promotes a survival benefit with intratumoral and systemic immune responses in recurrent glioblastoma","volume":"25","author":"Cloughesy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0349-y","article-title":"Immune and genomic correlates of response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in glioblastoma","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2017.107","article-title":"The unique structural and functional features of CXCL12","volume":"15","author":"Janssens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21260","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202001273R","article-title":"Polyfunctionality of the CXCR4\/CXCL12 axis in health and disease: implications for therapeutic interventions in cancer and immune-mediated diseases","volume":"35","author":"Britton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Faseb J"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10030607","article-title":"The role of cytokines and chemokines in shaping the immune microenvironment of glioblastoma: implications for immunotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Yeo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-06784-6","article-title":"CXCR7 activation evokes the anti-PD-L1 antibody against glioblastoma by remodeling CXCL12-mediated immunity","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2015.07.002","article-title":"CXCL12 and CXCR4 as predictive biomarkers of glioma recurrence pattern after total resection","volume":"63","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathol Biol (Paris)"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3704","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103704","article-title":"The role of selected chemokines and their receptors in the development of gliomas","volume":"21","author":"Groblewska","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences [Internet]"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2011.128","article-title":"Tumor-secreted SDF-1 promotes glioma invasiveness and TAM tropism toward hypoxia in a murine astrocytoma model","volume":"92","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2:e12949","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12949","article-title":"CXCR4, the master regulator of neutrophil trafficking in homeostasis and disease","author":"De Filippo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-016-0326-y","article-title":"Targeting CXCR4 by a selective peptide antagonist modulates tumor microenvironment and microglia reactivity in a human glioblastoma model","volume":"35","author":"Mercurio","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2119463119","article-title":"Carcinomas assemble a filamentous CXCL12-keratin-19 coating that suppresses T cell-mediated immune attack","volume":"119","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3934","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-0081","article-title":"Mobilization of CD8(+) T cells via CXCR4 blockade facilitates PD-1 checkpoint therapy in human pancreatic cancer","volume":"25","author":"Seo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-14-0002","article-title":"The carcinoma-associated fibroblast expressing fibroblast activation protein and escape from immune surveillance","volume":"2","author":"Fearon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20212","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1320318110","article-title":"Targeting CXCL12 from FAP-expressing carcinoma-associated fibroblasts synergizes with anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer","volume":"110","author":"Feig","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-18-0045","article-title":"Loss of CXCR4 in myeloid cells enhances antitumor immunity and reduces melanoma growth through NK cell and FASL mechanisms","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4558","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1815515116","article-title":"Blocking CXCR4 alleviates desmoplasia, increases T-lymphocyte infiltration, and improves immunotherapy in metastatic breast cancer","volume":"116","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-16-0303","article-title":"Increasing tumor-infiltrating T cells through inhibition of CXCL12 with NOX-A12 synergizes with PD-1 blockade","volume":"5","author":"Zboralski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0880-x","article-title":"BL-8040, a CXCR4 antagonist, in combination with pembrolizumab and chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer: the COMBAT trial","volume":"26","author":"Bockorny","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28960","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2013644117","article-title":"CXCR4 inhibition in human pancreatic and colorectal cancers induces an integrated immune response","volume":"117","author":"Biasci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-019-03172-5","article-title":"Combination anti-CXCR4 and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy provides survival benefit in glioblastoma through immune cell modulation of tumor microenvironment","volume":"143","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00063","DOI":"10.1042\/AN20110014","article-title":"Current review of in vivo GBM rodent models: emphasis on the CNS-1 tumour model","volume":"3","author":"Jacobs","year":"2011","journal-title":"ASN Neuro"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092399","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1092399","article-title":"Pre-clinical models for evaluating glioma targeted immunotherapies","volume":"13","author":"Frederico","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13010019","article-title":"Immunocompetent mouse models in the search for effective immunotherapy in glioblastoma","volume":"13","author":"Wouters","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1501137","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2018.1501137","article-title":"Responsiveness to anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 immune checkpoint blockade in SB28 and GL261 mouse glioma models","volume":"7","author":"Genoud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-002181","article-title":"Deep immune profiling reveals targetable mechanisms of immune evasion in immune checkpoint inhibitor-refractory glioblastoma","volume":"9","author":"Simonds","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13030246","article-title":"Type I interferon modulates the function of Ly6C high-expressing na\u00efve CD8(+) T cells to promote an antitumor response","volume":"13","author":"Tu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.4.1873","article-title":"Ly-6C is a marker of memory CD8+ T cells","volume":"155","author":"Walunas","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.6.2986","article-title":"Accessory molecules involved in antigen-mediated cytolysis and lymphokine production by cytotoxic T lymphocyte subsets. I. Identification of functions for the T cell surface molecules ly-6C and thy-1","volume":"151","author":"Johnson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.3.1283","article-title":"Ly6C induces clustering of LFA-1 (CD11a\/CD18) and is involved in subtype-specific adhesion of CD8 T cells","volume":"170","author":"Jaakkola","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcz162","article-title":"Immunosuppressive B cells expressing PD-1\/PD-L1 in solid tumors: a mini review","volume":"115","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/not149"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48416-9","article-title":"L-RNA aptamer-based CXCL12 inhibition combined with radiotherapy in newly-diagnosed glioblastoma: dose escalation of the phase I\/II GLORIA trial","volume":"15","author":"Giordano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2013.58","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilization in mice and humans by a first-in-class mirror-image oligonucleotide inhibitor of CXCL12","volume":"94","author":"Vater","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Suarez-Carmona M, Williams A, Schreiber J, et al.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-002505"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11270","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800898105","article-title":"CXCR4 antagonism increases T cell trafficking in the Central nervous system and improves survival from West Nile virus encephalitis","volume":"105","author":"McCandless","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8053","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.11.8053","article-title":"CXCL12 limits inflammation by localizing mononuclear infiltrates to the perivascular space during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"177","author":"McCandless","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2902","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.5.2902","article-title":"Murine B16 melanomas expressing high levels of the chemokine stromal-derived factor-1\/CXCL12 induce tumor-specific T cell chemorepulsion and escape from immune control","volume":"176","author":"Vianello","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E4041","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1720948115","article-title":"Macrophages impede CD8 T cells from reaching tumor cells and limit the efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment","volume":"115","author":"Peranzoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5151","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI128644","article-title":"Hedgehog signaling promotes tumor-associated macrophage polarization to suppress intratumoral CD8+ T cell recruitment","volume":"129","author":"Petty","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2400","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13102400","article-title":"Targeting CSF1R alone or in combination with PD1 in experimental glioma","volume":"13","author":"Przystal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/now287","article-title":"Immunosuppressive tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells mediate adaptive immune resistance via a PD-1\/PD-L1 mechanism in glioblastoma","volume":"19","author":"Antonios","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2025-013697","article-title":"Targeting macrophage-derived SPP1 enhances CD8 T cell infiltration via ROS-DNA fragment\/cGAS-STING\/STAT1-mediated CXCL9\/10 in tumor microenvironment","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3629","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa343","article-title":"Brain cancer induces systemic immunosuppression through release of non-steroid soluble mediators","volume":"143","author":"Ayasoufi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-15-0151","article-title":"Glioblastoma eradication following immune checkpoint blockade in an orthotopic, immunocompetent model","volume":"4","author":"Reardon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01443-y","article-title":"T cell egress via lymphatic vessels is tuned by antigen encounter and limits tumor control","volume":"24","author":"Steele","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00235","article-title":"Microglia\/astrocytes\u2013glioblastoma crosstalk: crucial molecular mechanisms and microenvironmental factors","volume":"12","author":"Matias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17162687","article-title":"Targeting macrophages in glioblastoma: current therapies and future directions","volume":"17","author":"Pennisi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14181458","article-title":"Tumor-associated macrophages in glioblastoma: mechanisms of tumor progression and therapeutic strategies","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400488","article-title":"Cutting edge: CXCR4 is critical for CD8+ memory T cell homeostatic self-renewal but not rechallenge self-renewal","volume":"193","author":"Chaix","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2016.11.010","article-title":"SDF-1 blockade enhances anti-VEGF therapy of glioblastoma and can Be monitored by MRI","volume":"19","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"2026052712021282100_vdag118-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12032","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.12032","article-title":"Effect of anti CTLA-4 and PD-1 monoclonal antibodies on systemic SDF-1 and galectin-3 levels through NLRP3 and MyD-88 pathways in preclinical models","volume":"42","author":"Iovine","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCO"}],"container-title":["Neuro-Oncology Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/noa\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/noajnl\/vdag118\/68207598\/vdag118.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/noa\/article-pdf\/8\/1\/vdag118\/68207598\/vdag118.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/noa\/article-pdf\/8\/1\/vdag118\/68207598\/vdag118.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T16:02:19Z","timestamp":1779897739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/noa\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/noajnl\/vdag118\/8666934"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/noajnl\/vdag118","relation":{},"ISSN":["2632-2498"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2632-2498","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"article-number":"vdag118"}}