{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T13:26:06Z","timestamp":1793885166409,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":140,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SNUH Lee Kun-hee Child Cancer & Rare Disease","award":["22A-017-0100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22A-017-0100"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively assessed the long-term efficacy, safety, and functional outcome of chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) in patients with intracranial germinoma (iGE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 160 patients with iGE treated between 1983 and 2013 were reviewed. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. The cumulative incidence of recurrence (CIR), and secondary malignancies (CISM) were analyzed using cumulative incidence functions (CIFs), with death without the event of interest treated as a competing risk. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze predictive factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean follow-up duration was 157.1 months. The 5-\/10-year OS rates were 93.8% and 88.6%. The 5- and 10-year CIRs were both 5.6%, whereas the CISM were 0.6% and 2.1%, respectively. Secondary malignancies developed in 14 patients, most commonly glioblastoma. Thirty-one patients died from disease-, treatment-, or secondary malignancy-related causes. Additional causes of death were identified during long-term follow-up, even more than 20 years after treatment. Functional outcomes remained favorable (KPS \u2265 60) in 90.6% at 5 years and 88.5% at 10 years. Chemotherapy combined with reduced extent and reduced-dose RT significantly improved OS without increasing the CIR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the generally favorable prognosis, secondary malignancies and disease- and treatment-related long-term adverse effects significantly affect patient outcomes in iGE. Long-term follow-up (over 20 years) is essential for detecting and managing these complications. Chemotherapy with reduced-extent and reduced-dose RT may help minimize long-term adverse effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/noajnl\/vdag135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T11:21:13Z","timestamp":1779103273000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Long-term outcomes and late complications of intracranial germinoma: Implications for follow-up policy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3350-362X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youngbo","family":"Shim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2020These authors contributed equally to this work"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children\u2019s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, (Y.S., S.-K.K., K.H.K., J.Y.L., J.H.P.)","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital , Seoul,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0039-0083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung-Ki","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2020These authors contributed equally to this work"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children\u2019s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, (Y.S., S.-K.K., K.H.K., J.Y.L., J.H.P.)","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, (S.-K.K., K.H.K., C.-Y.K., C.-K.P., J.Y.L., J.H.P., B.-K.C.)","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8238-2043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2020These authors contributed equally to this work"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children\u2019s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, (Y.S., S.-K.K., K.H.K., J.Y.L., J.H.P.)","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, (S.-K.K., K.H.K., C.-Y.K., C.-K.P., J.Y.L., J.H.P., B.-K.C.)","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8822-1988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung Taek","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children\u2019s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9773-5553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chae-Yong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, (S.-K.K., K.H.K., C.-Y.K., C.-K.P., J.Y.L., J.H.P., B.-K.C.)","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Bundang, Gyeonggi-do, (C.-Y.K.)","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2350-9876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chul-Kee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, (S.-K.K., K.H.K., C.-Y.K., C.-K.P., J.Y.L., J.H.P., B.-K.C.)","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0464-7605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Yeoun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children\u2019s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, (Y.S., S.-K.K., K.H.K., J.Y.L., J.H.P.)","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, (S.-K.K., K.H.K., C.-Y.K., C.-K.P., J.Y.L., J.H.P., B.-K.C.)","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Neural Development and Anomaly Laboratory, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9603-5843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Hoon","family":"Phi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children\u2019s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, (Y.S., S.-K.K., K.H.K., J.Y.L., J.H.P.)","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, (S.-K.K., K.H.K., C.-Y.K., C.-K.P., J.Y.L., J.H.P., B.-K.C.)","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2091-1947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee Young","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children\u2019s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5618-7033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo Seop","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children\u2019s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0578-6597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung-Kyu","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, (S.-K.K., K.H.K., C.-Y.K., C.-K.P., J.Y.L., J.H.P., B.-K.C.)","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4755-5201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Il Han","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7440-6650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyu-Chang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center , Goyang, Gyeonggi-do,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.14791\/btrt.2017.5.1.16","article-title":"An updated nationwide epidemiology of primary brain tumors in Republic Of Korea, 2013","volume":"5","author":"Dho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Tumor Res Treat"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2008-0037","article-title":"Pediatric central nervous system germ cell tumors: a review","volume":"13","author":"Echevarria","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-014-1562-7","article-title":"Incidence of intracranial germ cell tumors by race in the United States, 1992-2010","volume":"120","author":"Poynter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-001-0547-y","article-title":"Pediatric brain tumors: statistics of SNUH, Korea (1959-2000)","volume":"18","author":"Cho","year":"2002","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-13323-1","article-title":"Optimal treatment approach for intracranial germinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-008-0631-7","article-title":"Radiation-induced brain tumours after central nervous system irradiation in childhood: a review","volume":"24","author":"Pettorini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-013-2098-4","article-title":"Second primary brain tumors following cranial irradiation for pediatric solid brain tumors","volume":"29","author":"You","year":"2013","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199912000-00002","article-title":"Quality of life of adult survivors of germinomas treated with craniospinal irradiation","volume":"45","author":"Sutton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20690","article-title":"An analysis of SEER data of increasing risk of secondary malignant neoplasms among long-term survivors of childhood brain tumors","volume":"47","author":"Peterson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)11079-6","article-title":"High incidence of secondary brain tumours after radiotherapy and antimetabolites","volume":"354","author":"Relling","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3283","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.00701","article-title":"Phase II trial of response-based radiation therapy for patients with localized CNS nongerminomatous germ cell tumors: a children\u2019s oncology group study","volume":"37","author":"Fangusaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0414","article-title":"The epidemiology of second primary cancers","volume":"15","author":"Travis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(94)90263-1","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of 33 patients with histologically verified germinoma","volume":"42","author":"Sugiyama","year":"1994","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1992.10.9.1390","article-title":"Whole-brain irradiation and decline in intelligence: the influence of dose and age on IQ score","volume":"10","author":"Silber","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.58.1.0001","article-title":"Quality of life in children treated for brain tumors. Intellectual, emotional, and academic function","volume":"58","author":"Kun","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-016-3145-8","article-title":"Psychiatric manifestations as initial presentation for pediatric CNS germ cell tumors, a case series","volume":"32","author":"Malbari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.6.JNS20638","article-title":"Long-term survival in patients with primary intracranial germ cell tumors treated with surgery, platinum-based chemotherapy, and radiotherapy: a single-institution study","volume":"135","author":"Shimizu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.8.PEDS22301","article-title":"Long-term consequences of residual lesions after chemoradiotherapy in patients with germinoma at onset","volume":"30","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab295","article-title":"Outcomes of intracranial germinoma-A retrospective multinational Asian study on effect of clinical presentation and differential treatment strategies","volume":"24","author":"Koh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.05.020","article-title":"A central role of radiation therapy in central nervous system germinoma","volume":"104","author":"Bitterman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)00067-9","article-title":"Radiation therapy for primary intracranial germ-cell tumors","volume":"32","author":"Wolden","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/not019","article-title":"SIOP CNS GCT 96: final report of outcome of a prospective, multinational nonrandomized trial for children and adults with intracranial germinoma, comparing craniospinal irradiation alone with chemotherapy followed by focal primary site irradiation for patients with localized disease","volume":"15","author":"Calaminus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nou311","article-title":"Long-term outcomes and late effects for childhood and young adulthood intracranial germinomas","volume":"17","author":"Acharya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-008-9542-4","article-title":"Long term outcomes in patients with intracranial germinomas: a single institution experience of irradiation with or without chemotherapy","volume":"88","author":"Kawabata","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-015-2029-1","article-title":"Outcomes of children with central nervous system germinoma treated with multi-agent chemotherapy followed by reduced radiation","volume":"127","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab252","article-title":"EANO, SNO and Euracan consensus review on the current management and future development of intracranial germ cell tumors in adolescents and young adults","volume":"24","author":"Frappaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.01.061","article-title":"Upfront chemotherapy and involved-field radiotherapy results in more relapses than extended radiotherapy for intracranial germinomas: modification in radiotherapy volume might be needed","volume":"71","author":"Eom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1152","article-title":"Risk of second brain tumor after conservative surgery and radiotherapy for pituitary adenoma: update after an additional 10 years","volume":"90","author":"Minniti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012743707883","article-title":"Japanese pediatric brain tumor study G. Combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy for CNS germ cell tumors\u2014the Japanese experience","volume":"54","author":"Matsutani","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2020.1052","article-title":"Long-term outcomes and sequelae analysis of intracranial germinoma: need to reduce the extended-field radiotherapy volume and dose to minimize late sequelae","volume":"53","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810050546","article-title":"Germ cell tumors of the CNS in children: recent advances in therapy","volume":"15","author":"Diez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810050279","article-title":"Comparison of survival outcomes in patients with intracranial germinomas treated with radiation alone versus reduced-dose radiation and chemotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Fouladi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.12.PEDS12336","article-title":"Factors affecting functional outcomes in long-term survivors of intracranial germinomas: a 20-year experience in a single institution","volume":"11","author":"Jinguji","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2019.06.002","article-title":"Upfront chemotherapy followed by response adaptive radiotherapy for intracranial germinoma: prospective multicenter cohort study","volume":"138","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-025-02561-2","article-title":"What is radiation-induced acute myeloid leukaemia\/can it be accurately identified?","volume":"39","author":"Badie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frhem.2025.1609642","article-title":"Understanding therapy-related AML: genetic insights and emerging strategies for high-risk patients","volume":"4","author":"Jerez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Hematol"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10732748221095944","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748221095944","article-title":"Epidemiology, management, and long-term survival outcomes of intracranial typical site germinomas: an analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end-results (SEER) database","volume":"29","author":"Che","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2016.129","article-title":"Nationwide population-based incidence and survival rates of malignant central nervous system germ cell tumors in Korea, 2005-2012","volume":"49","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2026061621365437000_vdag135-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(94)90201-1","article-title":"Factors affecting functional prognosis in survivors of primary central nervous system germinal tumors","volume":"41","author":"Ono","year":"1994","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"}],"container-title":["Neuro-Oncology Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/noa\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/noajnl\/vdag135\/68363904\/vdag135.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/noa\/article-pdf\/8\/1\/vdag135\/68363904\/vdag135.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/noa\/article-pdf\/8\/1\/vdag135\/68363904\/vdag135.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T01:36:59Z","timestamp":1781660219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/noa\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/noajnl\/vdag135\/8690190"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/noajnl\/vdag135","relation":{},"ISSN":["2632-2498"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2632-2498","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"article-number":"vdag135"}}