{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:20:31Z","timestamp":1792624831357,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comprehensive data on the efficacy and tolerability of antiepileptic drugs (AED) treatment in glioma patients with epilepsy are currently lacking. In this systematic review, we specifically assessed the efficacy of AEDs in patients with a grade II-IV glioma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electronic databases PubMed\/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched up to June 2020. Three different outcomes for both mono- and polytherapy were extracted from all eligible articles: (i) seizure freedom; (ii) \u226550% reduction in seizure frequency; and (iii) treatment failure. Weighted averages (WA) were calculated for outcomes at 6 and 12 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 66 studies were included. Regarding the individual outcomes on the efficacy of monotherapy, the highest seizure freedom rate at 6 months was with phenytoin (WA = 72%) while at 12-month pregabalin (WA = 75%) and levetiracetam (WA = 74%) showed highest efficacy. Concerning \u226550% seizure reduction rates, levetiracetam showed highest efficacy at 6 and 12 months (WAs of 82% and 97%, respectively). However, treatment failure rates at 12 months were highest for phenytoin (WA = 34%) and pregabalin (41%). When comparing the described polytherapy combinations with follow-up of \u22656 months, levetiracetam combined with phenytoin was most effective followed by levetiracetam combined with valproic acid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Given the heterogeneous patient populations and the low scientific quality across the different studies, seizure rates need to be interpreted with caution. Based on the current limited evidence, with the ranking of AEDs being confined to the AEDs studied, levetiracetam, phenytoin, and pregabalin seem to be most effective as AED monotherapy in glioma patients with epilepsy, with levetiracetam showing the lowest treatment failure rate, compared to the other AEDs studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nop\/npab030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T13:40:49Z","timestamp":1622209249000},"page":"501-517","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in glioma patients with epilepsy: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Marjolein E","family":"de Bruin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pim B","family":"van der Meer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9157-9895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Dirven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin J B","family":"Taphoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan A F","family":"Koekkoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2021092713440046100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70103-5","article-title":"Epilepsy in patients with brain tumours: epidemiology, mechanisms, and ma","volume":"6","author":"van Breemen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"2021092713440046100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12437","article-title":"Seizure characteristics and prognostic factors of 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