{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T16:12:14Z","timestamp":1772899934179,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a promising treatment for central nervous system (CNS) tumors like diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and diffuse midline glioma (DMG). Unlike systemic administration, locoregional CAR T therapy may result in tumor inflammation-associated neurotoxicity (TIAN), which was recently defined. This study retrospectively applies TIAN criteria to patients with DIPG\/pontine DMG treated with intraventricular B7-H3 CAR T cells in the BrainChild-03 (BC-03) trial (NCT04185038).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis of DIPG\/pontine DMG patients treated with locoregional B7-H3 CAR T cells in BC-03 was conducted. Neurological symptoms, headache, fever, hydrocephalus, and inflammatory markers were extracted from case reports and medical records. TIAN was classified as type 1 (mechanical damage) or type 2 (electrophysiologic dysfunction), and symptom patterns, resolution, imaging findings, and management were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 21 patients (ages 2\u201322) receiving \u22651 infusion, 16 (76%) met TIAN criteria at least once. TIAN occurred in 49 of 152 infusions (32%), mostly grade 1 (n\u2005=\u200534) or grade 2 (n\u2005=\u200514), with one grade 3 event. Common symptoms included headache with fever (51%) and neurologic changes with headache (31%). In most patients, Type 1 vs Type 2 TIAN could not be defined; however, 1 patient required CSF diversion (type 1 TIAN), and 13 had worsening preexisting deficits (type 2). Median symptom resolution was &amp;lt;24 h (range: 0\u201333).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TIAN was common within this cohort but mostly low-grade and transient. Refining its classification and understanding its clinical impact will aid safety assessments and trial comparisons for CNS-directed CAR T therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nop\/npaf080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T11:49:47Z","timestamp":1753876187000},"page":"105-111","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tumor inflammation-associated neurotoxicity in children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma receiving B7-H3-targeting CAR T cells on BrainChild-03"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3961-3042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Ronsley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Onclogy, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders Research, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Onclogy, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neuro-radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington , Seattle, WA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristy","family":"Seidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Therapeutics , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Wendler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Therapeutics , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Annesley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Onclogy, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders Research, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael C","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Therapeutics , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie R","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3966-4985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas A","family":"Vitanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Onclogy, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders Research, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliane","family":"Gust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"24","key":"2026030616171356200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019001463","article-title":"Preemptive mitigation of CD19 CAR T-cell cytokine release syndrome without attenuation of 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