{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T15:11:28Z","timestamp":1778253088815,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Background Periodic discharges (PDs) are electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns commonly associated with focal cerebral lesions, particularly brain tumors (BTs). The clinical interpretation of PDs and their pathophysiological origins are controversial. This retrospective study describes the prevalence and characteristics of PDs in patients with BT, focusing on their association with BT-related epilepsy (BTRE) and status epilepticus (SE) diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult patients with BT who underwent a video-EEG recording were retrospectively selected from the Neurology Institute of \u201cG. d\u2018Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara from January 2016 to January 2024. Demographics, clinical features, tumor characteristics, and radiological findings were collected. Video-EEG data were reviewed to identify PDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred and forty patients with BT (mean age: 60.6\u2009\u00b1\u200917.6\u2009years; 61 females) were enrolled. Fifteen patients (10.7%) exhibited PDs on video-EEG (PD+ group). In the PD+ group, lateralized PDs (LPDs) were most observed (93.3%). Periodic discharges were concordant with the side of the tumor lesion in 73.3% of cases. Compared to the PD\u2212 group, patients in the PD+ group more frequently showed a parietal (P\u2009=\u2009.0019) and occipital BT localization (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001), a high-grade tumor histology (P\u2009=\u2009.048) and a previous BTRE diagnosis (P\u2009=\u2009.014). SE was observed in 4 patients (26.7%), in association with a significantly higher PDs frequency (SE patients: 1.6\u2009Hz, non-SE patients: 0.8\u2009Hz; P\u2009=\u2009.003).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PDs are more commonly observed in patients with high-grade primary BT, particularly those with parietal or occipital localization. They are predominantly reported in individuals with a prior diagnosis of BTRE and may indicate SE, especially when their frequency exceeds 1.6\u2009Hz.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nop\/npaf106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T11:59:10Z","timestamp":1760097550000},"page":"292-300","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["When tumors speak: Understanding EEG periodic discharges in primary brain tumors and their clinical relevance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Stefano","family":"Consoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara (S.C., F.D., G.E., S.C., S.L.S.)"},{"name":"Behavioral Neurology and Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST) and Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti (S.C., F.D., G.E., S.C., S.L.S.)"},{"name":"University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara (S.C., F.D., G.E., S.C., S.L.S.)"},{"name":"Epilepsy Center, Neurology Institute \u201cSS Annunziata\u201d University Hospital, University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti (S.C., F.D., G.E., S.C., S.L.S.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3575-2942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fedele","family":"Dono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara (S.C., F.D., G.E., S.C., S.L.S.)"},{"name":"Behavioral Neurology and Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST) and Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti (S.C., F.D., G.E., S.C., S.L.S.)"},{"name":"University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara (S.C., F.D., G.E., S.C., S.L.S.)"},{"name":"Epilepsy Center, Neurology Institute \u201cSS Annunziata\u201d University Hospital, University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti (S.C., F.D., G.E., S.C., S.L.S.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Evangelista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara (S.C., F.D., G.E., S.C., S.L.S.)"},{"name":"Behavioral Neurology and Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST) and Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti (S.C., F.D., G.E., S.C., S.L.S.)"},{"name":"University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara (S.C., F.D., G.E., S.C., S.L.S.)"},{"name":"Epilepsy Center, Neurology Institute \u201cSS Annunziata\u201d University Hospital, University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti (S.C., F.D., G.E., S.C., S.L.S.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Cipollone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara (S.C., F.D., G.E., S.C., S.L.S.)"},{"name":"Behavioral Neurology and Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST) and Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti (S.C., F.D., G.E., S.C., S.L.S.)"},{"name":"University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara (S.C., F.D., G.E., S.C., S.L.S.)"},{"name":"Epilepsy Center, Neurology Institute \u201cSS Annunziata\u201d University Hospital, University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti (S.C., F.D., G.E., S.C., S.L.S.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0710-2574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano L","family":"Sensi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara (S.C., F.D., G.E., S.C., S.L.S.)"},{"name":"Behavioral Neurology and Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST) and Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti (S.C., F.D., G.E., S.C., S.L.S.)"},{"name":"University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara (S.C., F.D., G.E., S.C., S.L.S.)"},{"name":"Epilepsy Center, Neurology Institute \u201cSS Annunziata\u201d University Hospital, University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti (S.C., F.D., G.E., S.C., S.L.S.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-021-01152-9","article-title":"Epidemiology of brain and other CNS tumors","volume":"21","author":"Ostrom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iv1","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noad149","article-title":"CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2016-2020","volume":"25","author":"Ostrom","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106","article-title":"The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary","volume":"23","author":"Louis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.280319","article-title":"Glioblastoma and other malignant gliomas: a clinical review","volume":"310","author":"Omuro","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-00447-z","article-title":"EANO guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of diffuse gliomas of adulthood","volume":"18","author":"Weller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noad154","article-title":"Brain tumor-related epilepsy management: a society for neuro-oncology (SNO) consensus review on current management","volume":"26","author":"Avila","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70103-5","article-title":"Epilepsy in patients with brain tumours: epidemiology, mechanisms, and management","volume":"6","author":"van Breemen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B8","first-page":"381","article-title":"Brain and other central nervous system tumor statistics, 2021","volume":"71","author":"Miller","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410200609","article-title":"Structural determinants of electroencephalographic findings in acute hemispheric lesions","volume":"20","author":"Schaul","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Clinical Electroencephalography \/ Mecarelli, Oriano","year":"2019","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-04573-9"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2016.06.013","article-title":"Status epilepticus secondary to glioma","volume":"40","author":"Knudsen-Baas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000806","article-title":"American clinical neurophysiology society\u2019s standardized critical care EEG terminology: 2021 version","volume":"38","author":"Hirsch","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.5325","article-title":"Electroencephalographic periodic discharges and frequency-dependent brain tissue hypoxia in acute brain injury","volume":"74","author":"Witsch","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000281664.02615.6c","article-title":"Electrographic seizures and periodic discharges after intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"69","author":"Claassen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000448","article-title":"Lateralized periodic discharges: a literature review","volume":"35","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.05.005","article-title":"Which EEG patterns in coma are nonconvulsive status epilepticus?","volume":"49","author":"Trinka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.4990","article-title":"Association of periodic and rhythmic electroencephalographic patterns with seizures in critically ill patients","volume":"74","author":"Rodriguez Ruiz","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2011.08.007","article-title":"Brain tumor epilepsy: a reappraisal and six remaining issues to be debated","volume":"167","author":"Vercueil","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.07.030","article-title":"Brain networks involved in generalized periodic discharges (GPD) in post-anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"155","author":"De Stefano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000647","article-title":"Periodic discharges: how to approach, when to treat","volume":"37","author":"Husari","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcac250","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac250","article-title":"Periodic electroencephalographic discharges and epileptic spasms involve cortico-striatal-thalamic loops on arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"4","author":"Eisermann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813441","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.813441","article-title":"Dysregulation of GABAergic signaling in neurodevelomental disorders: targeting cation-chloride co-transporters to re-establish a proper E\/I balance","volume":"15","author":"Cherubini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03082.x","article-title":"Metabotropic glutamate receptors in the thalamocortical network: strategic targets for the treatment of absence epilepsy","volume":"52","author":"Ngomba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.08.005","article-title":"Generalized periodic discharges after acute cerebral ischemia: reflection of selective synaptic failure?","volume":"125","author":"Tjepkema-Cloostermans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.04.007","article-title":"Generalized periodic discharges: pathophysiology and clinical considerations","volume":"49","author":"van Putten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2013.09.006","article-title":"Short-term episodes of hypoxia induce posthypoxic hyperexcitability and selective death of GABAergic hippocampal neurons","volume":"250","author":"Turovsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4202","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-1627","article-title":"Brain tumor microenvironment and host state: implications for immunotherapy","volume":"25","author":"Tomaszewski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1113\/JP278810","article-title":"Revisiting the Warburg effect: historical dogma versus current understanding","volume":"599","author":"Vaupel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14973","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.AAC118.005625","article-title":"Correction: reversing the Warburg effect as a treatment for glioblastoma","volume":"293","author":"Poteet","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-023-04486-1","article-title":"The Warburg effect in patients with brain tumors: a comprehensive analysis of clinical significance","volume":"165","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B31","first-page":"997","article-title":"Acid-sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1) mediates weak acid-induced migration of human malignant glioma cells","volume":"11","author":"Sheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393274","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1393274","article-title":"High lactic acid levels in the brain contribute to the generation of focal slowing on the electroencephalogram","volume":"15","author":"Chegodaev","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.12.001","article-title":"Architectonic mapping of the human brain beyond Brodmann","volume":"88","author":"Amunts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2013.09.004","article-title":"Reflections on agranular architecture: predictive coding in the motor cortex","volume":"36","author":"Shipp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25567","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25567","article-title":"Betz cells of the primary motor cortex","volume":"532","author":"Nolan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00294620","article-title":"Selective sparing of Betz cells in primary motor area in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"80","author":"Murayama","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727055","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.727055","article-title":"Cortical and subcortical anatomy of the parietal lobe from the neurosurgical perspective","volume":"12","author":"Dziedzic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000380","article-title":"Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy with clinical and imaging abnormalities limited to occipital lobe","volume":"36","author":"Parmar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.03.001","article-title":"Evolving knowledge of sex differences in brain structure, function, and chemistry","volume":"62","author":"Cosgrove","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1316909110","article-title":"Sex differences in the structural connectome of the human brain","volume":"111","author":"Ingalhalikar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(02)02182-3","article-title":"Getting excited about GABA and sex differences in the brain","volume":"25","author":"McCarthy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-018-0214-6","article-title":"Sex- and age-related changes in GABA signaling components in the human cortex","volume":"10","author":"Pandya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.11.1043","article-title":"Reduced cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in depressed patients determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"56","author":"Sanacora","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.04.003","article-title":"Lateralized periodic discharges: which patterns are interictal, ictal, or peri-ictal?","volume":"132","author":"Gelisse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e670","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006903","article-title":"Lateralized periodic discharges frequency correlates with glucose metabolism","volume":"92","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026050810213399900_npaf106-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.05.007","article-title":"Salzburg consensus criteria for non-convulsive status epilepticus-approach to clinical application","volume":"49","author":"Leitinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"}],"container-title":["Neuro-Oncology Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nop\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/nop\/npaf106\/64660135\/npaf106.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nop\/article-pdf\/13\/2\/292\/64660135\/npaf106.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nop\/article-pdf\/13\/2\/292\/64660135\/npaf106.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T14:21:43Z","timestamp":1778250103000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nop\/article\/13\/2\/292\/8284929"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nop\/npaf106","relation":{},"ISSN":["2054-2577","2054-2585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2054-2577","type":"print"},{"value":"2054-2585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]}}}