{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T15:11:28Z","timestamp":1778253088835,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Care Research Health Technology Assessment"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006662","name":"NIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000664","name":"HTA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16\/31\/136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16\/31\/136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Levetiracetam"},{"name":"Investigational Medical Product"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015661","name":"UCB Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>AbstractAbstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>50%-80% of glioma patients will have seizures. Guidelines recommend against prophylactic anti-seizure medication, but levetiracetam is frequently prescribed. Our aim was to determine the effectiveness of 12-month prophylactic levetiracetam at reducing seizure risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seizure-na\u00efve patients undergoing glioma surgery were randomized (1:1) to 12-month levetiracetam or no prophylaxis and followed until death or a maximum of 18-months. The primary outcome was 1-year risk of first seizure. Patients who died within 12 months of randomization without experiencing a seizure were excluded from the primary outcome analysis. Target accrual was 804 participants. The trial was registered (ISRCTN 49474281 and EudraCT 2018-001312-30).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between October 10, 2019 and August 30, 2022, 96 patients, from 24 to 79 years of age, were randomized to levetiracetam (n\u2009=\u200949) or no prophylaxis (n\u2009=\u200947). The trial closed early due to slow accrual and the Covid pandemic. In the levetiracetam group, 17 patients had a seizure and 32 did not (19 survived \u226512 months, 13 died within 12\u00a0months). In the no-prophylaxis group, 15 patients had a seizure and 30 did not (21 survived \u226512 months, 9 died within 12 months). Seventeen of the 36 evaluable levetiracetam patients (47%) had a seizure, compared with 15 of 36 evaluable no-prophylaxis patients (41%) (OR: 1.25, 95% CI, 0.49-3.21, P\u2009=\u2009.64). There were no levetiracetam-related serious adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The seizure prophylaxis in glioma surgery (SPRING) trial provides no evidence of a difference between levetiracetam and no prophylaxis in the 12-month seizure risk in patients undergoing glioma surgery, but the study was underpowered. The role of prophylactic anti-seizure medication remains undefined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nop\/npaf114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T01:36:27Z","timestamp":1762652187000},"page":"252-261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Seizure prophylaxis in glioma surgery (SPRING): A multi-center, unblinded, randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4587-2139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael D","family":"Jenkinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool (M.D.J., A.G.M.)"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust , Liverpool 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(H.B.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Carruthers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"brainstrust\u2014the Brain Cancer People , Cowes, Isle of Wight (H.B.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Lessels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"brainstrust\u2014the Brain Cancer People , Cowes, Isle of Wight (H.B.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"brainstrust\u2014the Brain Cancer People , Cowes, Isle of Wight (H.B.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ciara","family":"Gribben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"brainstrust\u2014the Brain Cancer People , Cowes, Isle of Wight (H.B.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomos","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh (A.G.R., G.T.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh (A.G.R., G.T.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Clinical Trials Research Unit, Public Health Scotland , Edinburgh (J.B., R.D., J.C., S.L., R.W., C.G.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara C","family":"Erridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne (T.R., L.V.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3531-8791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Cancer Centre, NHS Lothian , Edinburgh (S.C.E.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony G","family":"Marson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool (M.D.J., A.G.M.)"},{"name":"Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, University of Birmingham , Birmingham (C.W.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2597-9510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology NHS Lothian, Edinburgh (R.G.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"For the SPRING study 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