{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T06:06:06Z","timestamp":1784009166483,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009068","name":"University of Bern","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009068","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Department of Neurosurgery"},{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tectal gliomas (TGs) are often indolent, but heterogeneous study populations in prior cohorts yielded ambiguous results concerning their natural history. We analyzed the natural history of TGs with low-grade appearance on MR imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed TGs treated at our institution between 2010 and 2023. We included any space-occupying lesion of the tectum, excluding lesions with nodular contrast enhancement, cystic changes, or primarily pontine or mesencephalic involvement. Volumetric analysis was exclusively based on thin-sliced MRI sequences (\u22642 mm). The primary outcome was tumor growth. The secondary outcome was relative annual growth rate (RGR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty patients met the inclusion criteria (median age 22.5 years, interquartile range [IQR] 18.7-39.6). Headache was the most common indication for imaging (60%). Twelve patients (60%) required cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion for hydrocephalus at the time of diagnosis. These patients did not all present with headaches upon first consultation. Median follow-up was 6.3 years (IQR 2.2-9.8). Median volumetric change from baseline to last follow-up was +3.25% (IQR \u221210.53 to +28.47%), with a median RGR of 0.87%\/year (IQR \u22121.28 to 11.05%\/year). Only 1 patient exhibited tumor growth with a marginal increase in size over 12.8 years of follow-up. Based on MR imaging findings, no malignant transformation occurred in our cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TG with a low-grade imaging phenotype shows a predominantly stable long-term course. Management is typically limited to CSF diversion for hydrocephalus. Routine tumor-directed therapy is not supported in the absence of concerning clinical or imaging features. Magnetic resonance imaging surveillance remains essential to detect rare progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nop\/npag012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T12:51:24Z","timestamp":1771505484000},"page":"759-766","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tectal gliomas with \u201clow-grade appearance\u201d: Natural history on MR imaging"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3586-2079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danial","family":"Nasiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Imwinkelried","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern , Bern,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Raabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Schucht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franca","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of 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