{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T06:06:05Z","timestamp":1784009165420,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006389","name":"University of Geneva","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006389","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The standard of care for pediatric craniopharyngioma (CP) is either complete surgical resection or limited debulking surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy (RT). Recent data favor the latter approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present a multi-center case series of three children with CP treated with subtotal surgery and adjuvant RT for CP who eventually developed radiation-induced glioma (RIG) of the pons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median age at diagnosis of CP was 6 years. Photon RT was administered in two patients and proton RT in one, at a median dose of 54 Gy delivered in 30 fractions. Pontine glioma was first identified on imaging after a median interval of 8 years from initial RT (range 4.5 - 9.75 years), incidentally in two asymptomatic patients during routine surveillance, and associated with symptoms of brainstem involvement in one. A biopsy was performed in two patients. One showed diffuse astrocytoma with MYCN, PDGFRA, and MDM2 amplification and a novel fusion (RBD7-FLI1), while the other case had an inconclusive histopathology. Re-irradiation (re-RT) (54 Gy\/30 fractions and 30 Gy\/10 fractions) was applied in two patients, and one patient received bevacizumab treatment. All three patients succumbed with a median survival of 7.5 months (range 4.0\u201358 months).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiation-induced glioma of the pons is a rare and serious complication occurring in patients previously treated by RT for childhood CP. This secondary tumor is uniformly associated with a dramatic course regardless of the treatment modalities and resources. This highlights the need for clinical vigilance and further research to prevent it.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nop\/npag018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T12:43:23Z","timestamp":1771937003000},"page":"816-822","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["When the cure becomes the curse: Radiation-induced glioma of the pons in children surviving craniopharyngioma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8492-1293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahat","family":"Ul Ain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology, University of Child Health Sciences, The Children\u2019s Hospital Lahore , Lahore, Punjab,","place":["Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamza S","family":"Gorsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Michigan University , Mount 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