{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:07:41Z","timestamp":1792786061535,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA236034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA236034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01xf75524","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Cancer Center Institute designated Comprehensive Cancer Center","award":["P30CA76292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA76292"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The CARING intervention is designed to help neuro-oncology caregivers recognize existing social support and improve coping. Caregivers received 8 weekly phone-based individual manualized sessions with a navigator. Our objective was to understand the impact of CARING navigation sessions on ratings of stress, frustration, in control, and hopefulness for each session and across the sessions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial of CARING, caregiver self-report emotional ratings before and after each of 8 navigator sessions were analyzed. Navigators asked caregivers to rate their level of stress, frustration, feeling in control, and feeling hopeful. Responses were documented in the navigation log. Paired t-tests were conducted on each emotional construct for each session. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) analyzed within- and between-session change for each emotional construct.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy-three caregivers provided at least 1 emotional rating in a navigation session. There were significant improvements from pre- to post- for all sessions for both stress and frustration ratings (ts &amp;lt; \u22123.06, Ps &amp;lt; .004). The majority of sessions also had significant improvements for feeling hopeful and in control (5 of 8 sessions; all ts\u2009&amp;gt;\u20092.66, Ps &amp;lt;.02). Generalized estimating equation results mirror t-test findings for within-session ratings and show a significant decrease for feeling in control across sessions (b = \u22120.08, P = .035).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest emotional improvement for each navigation session, with more consistent change in negative than in positive ratings. Navigation may offer emotional regulation and coping tools for neuro-oncology caregivers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nop\/npag043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T12:04:30Z","timestamp":1778760270000},"page":"984-993","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Change in caregiver emotional ratings in response to neuro-oncology caregiver navigation sessions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3108-465X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maija","family":"Reblin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vermont Department of Family Medicine, , Burlington, Vermont,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2504-7601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven K","family":"Sutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moffitt Cancer Center Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, , Tampa, Florida,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen J","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University Department of Psychology, , San Diego, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deanna","family":"Witte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moffitt Cancer Center Department of Health Outcomes & Behavior, , Tampa, Florida,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3756-8594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Forsyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moffitt Cancer Center Neuro-Oncology Program, , Tampa, Florida,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8143-4702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret M","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moffitt Cancer Center Department of Health Outcomes & Behavior, , Tampa, Florida,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2015.00096","article-title":"Perspective: Existential well-being and meaning making in the context of primary brain tumor: conceptualization and implications for intervention","volume":"5","author":"Ownsworth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-016-3397-6","article-title":"The multidimensional burden of informal caregivers in primary malignant brain tumor","volume":"25","author":"Bayen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-15663-2.00002-X","volume-title":"Neuropsychological and Psychosocial Foundations of Neuro-Oncology","author":"Applebaum","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vdaa169","DOI":"10.1093\/noajnl\/vdaa169","article-title":"The long-term caregiver burden in World Health Organization grade I and II meningioma: it is not just the patient","volume":"3","author":"Zamanipoor Najafabadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurooncol Adv"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/30.5.583","article-title":"Caregiving and the stress process: an overview of concepts and their measures","volume":"30","author":"Pearlin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.4527","article-title":"Mediating burden and stress over time: caregivers of patients with primary brain tumor","volume":"27","author":"Reblin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-018-0983-y","article-title":"Coping strategies and quality of life: a longitudinal study of high-grade glioma patient-caregiver dyads","volume":"16","author":"Baumstarck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1093\/nop\/npw019","article-title":"Creating a caregiver program in neuro-oncology","volume":"4","author":"Page","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurooncol Pract"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1093\/nop\/npaf048","article-title":"The CARING intervention for neuro-oncology family caregivers: randomized controlled trial feasibility, eSNAP\/caregiver navigation engagement and acceptability","volume":"12","author":"Choi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurooncol Pract"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06372-w","article-title":"A randomized wait-list controlled trial of a social support intervention for caregivers of patients with primary malignant brain tumor","volume":"21","author":"Reblin","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res."},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-022-07394-8","article-title":"Training cancer caregiver navigators: experiences from implementing the eSNAP and caregiver navigator intervention","volume":"30","author":"Reblin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/nop\/npaf074","article-title":"The CARING intervention for neuro-oncology family caregivers: primary outcomes from an abbreviated randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Reblin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neurooncol Pract"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1177\/001872679404701103","article-title":"The interpersonal circumplex: a theory and method for applied psychology","volume":"47","author":"Orford","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hum Relat"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073920950811","article-title":"Measuring positive emotion outcomes in positive psychology interventions: a literature review","volume":"13","author":"Moskowitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emot Rev"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.12122","article-title":"Positive emotion infusions: can savoring increase help-seeking intentions among people with depression?","volume":"10","author":"Straszewski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Health Well Being"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21035","article-title":"The alliance in mental health care: conceptualization, evidence and clinical applications","volume":"22","author":"Wampold","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3343","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14858","article-title":"Systematic review of factors associated with hope in family carers of persons living with chronic illness","volume":"77","author":"Duggleby","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1177\/02692163231152525","article-title":"Communication in the context of glioblastoma treatment: a qualitative study of what matters most to patients, caregivers and health care professionals","volume":"37","author":"Boele","year":"2023","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaging.2014.09.008","article-title":"Perceived control in health care: a conceptual model based on experiences of frail older adults","volume":"31","author":"Claassens","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Aging Stud"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1037\/pspi0000141","article-title":"Reciprocal support and daily perceived control: developing a better understanding of daily support transactions across a major life transition","volume":"115","author":"Ryon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2014.12.047","article-title":"When is received social support related to perceived support and well-being? When it is needed","volume":"77","author":"Melrose","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/10748407211029986","article-title":"Neuro-oncological symptoms: a longitudinal quantitative study of family function, perceived support, and caregiver burden","volume":"28","author":"Piil","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Fam Nurs"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1093\/nop\/npad039","article-title":"Patient and caregiver return to work after a primary brain tumor","volume":"10","author":"Nicklin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurooncol Pract"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951521002030","article-title":"A qualitative exploration of the feasibility and acceptability of meaning-centered psychotherapy for cancer caregivers","volume":"20","author":"Applebaum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Palliat Support Care"},{"key":"2026091601513067700_npag043-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0248152","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248152","article-title":"Ecological momentary interventions for mental health: a scoping review","volume":"16","author":"Balaskas","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Neuro-Oncology Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nop\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/nop\/npag043\/68348338\/npag043.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nop\/article-pdf\/13\/5\/984\/68348338\/npag043.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nop\/article-pdf\/13\/5\/984\/68348338\/npag043.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:51:39Z","timestamp":1789537899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nop\/article\/13\/5\/984\/8688477"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nop\/npag043","relation":{},"ISSN":["2054-2577","2054-2585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2054-2577","type":"print"},{"value":"2054-2585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]}}}