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The underlying genetic architecture and evolutionary mechanism of these phenotypes remain a long-term mystery. We conducted whole genome deep sequencing of 81 Cambodian aborigines from eight ethnic groups. Through a genome-wide scan of selective sweeps, we discovered key genes harboring Cambodian-enriched mutations that may contribute to their phenotypes, including two hair morphogenesis genes (TCHH and TCHHL1), one nasal morphology gene (PAX3) and a set of genes (such as ENTPD1-AS1) associated with short stature. The identified new genes and novel mutations suggest an independent origin of the distinct phenotypes in Cambodian aborigines through parallel evolution, refuting the long-standing argument on the common ancestry of these phenotypes among the worldwide rainforest hunter-gatherers. Notably, our discovery reveals that various types of molecular mechanisms, including antisense transcription and epigenetic regulation, contribute to human morphogenesis, providing novel insights into the genetics of human environmental adaptation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwab072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T09:04:00Z","timestamp":1619168640000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The distinct morphological phenotypes of Southeast Asian aborigines are shaped by novel mechanisms for adaptation to tropical rainforests"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650223, China"},{"name":"Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650223, 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