{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T09:13:48Z","timestamp":1792574028664,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81991524"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81991524"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82073721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82073721"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFC1706200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1706200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20180159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20180159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There are health benefits from consuming cruciferous vegetables that release indole-3-carbinol (I3C), but the in vivo transformation of I3C-related indoles remains underinvestigated. Here we detail the post-ingestion conversion of I3C into antitumor agents, 2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-3,3\u2032-diindolylmethane (LTr1) and 3,3\u2032-diindolylmethane (DIM), by conceptualizing and materializing the reaction flux derailing (RFD) approach as a means of unraveling these stepwise transformations to be non-enzymatic but pH-dependent and gut microbe-sensitive. In the upper (or acidic) gastrointestinal tract, LTr1 is generated through Michael addition of 3-methyleneindolium (3MI, derived in situ from I3C) to DIM produced from I3C via the formaldehyde-releasing (major) and CO2-liberating (minor) pathways. In the large intestine, \u2018endogenous\u2019 I3C and DIM can form, respectively, from couplings of formaldehyde with one and two molecules of indole (a tryptophan catabolite). Acid-producing gut bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus facilitate the H+-promotable steps. This work updates our understanding of the merits of I3C consumption and identifies LTr1 as a drug candidate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwab144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T07:26:19Z","timestamp":1628580379000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Post-ingestion conversion of dietary indoles into anticancer agents"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Li Ping","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and 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