{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T15:55:51Z","timestamp":1791734151551,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T2225017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2225017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52073138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52073138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010877","name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JCYJ20210324120202007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20210324120202007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010877","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Sci-Tech Fund","award":["YTDPT20181011104007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YTDPT20181011104007"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Program","award":["2021B1212040001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021B1212040001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Implanted pressure sensors can provide pressure information to assess localized health conditions of specific tissues or organs, such as the intra-articular pressure within knee joints. However, the prerequisites for implanted sensors pose greater challenges than those for wearables or for robots: aside from biocompatibility and tissue-like softness, they must also exhibit humidity insensitivity and high-pressure resolution across a broad pressure spectrum. Iontronic sensors can provide superior sensing properties, but they undergo property degradation in wet environments due to the hygroscopic nature of their active component: ionogels. Herein, we introduce a humidity-insensitive iontronic sensor array based on a hydrophobic and tough ionogel polymerized in a hydrophobicity transition yielding two hydrophobic phases: a soft liquid-rich phase that enhances ionic conductivity and ductility, and a stiff polymer-rich phase that contributes to superior toughness. We demonstrate the in vivo implantation of these sensor arrays to monitor real-time intra-articular pressure distribution in a sheep model, while assessing knee flexion with an angular resolution of 0.1\u00b0 and a pressure resolution of 0.1%. We anticipate that this sensor array will find applications in various orthopedic surgeries and implantable medical devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwae351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T15:21:46Z","timestamp":1727882506000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Non-hygroscopic ionogel-based humidity-insensitive iontronic sensor arrays for intra-articular pressure sensing"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Junli","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiguang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1875-783X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minkun","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4513-3117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan Fei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31612-5","article-title":"Partial versus total knee replacement for knee osteoarthritis","volume":"394","author":"Evans","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.19675","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of knee pain: a review","volume":"330","author":"Duong","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.p222","article-title":"Routine follow-up may not be needed for people undergoing joint replacement surgery","volume":"380","author":"Saul","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.22171","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis: a review","volume":"325","author":"Katz","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16072","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.72","article-title":"Osteoarthritis","volume":"2","author":"Martel-Pelletier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32344-4","article-title":"Knee replacement","volume":"392","author":"Price","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet North Am Ed"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60419-0","article-title":"Adverse outcomes after total and unicompartmental knee replacement in 101 330 matched patients: a study of data from the National Joint Registry for England and Wales","volume":"384","author":"Liddle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet North Am Ed"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.1224","article-title":"Effect of inpatient rehabilitation vs a monitored home-based program on mobility in patients with total knee arthroplasty: the HIHO randomized clinical trial","volume":"317","author":"Buhagiar","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23492","article-title":"Simulation of total knee arthroplasty in 5 or 7 valgus: a study of gap imbalances and changes in limb and knee alignments from native","volume":"35","author":"Gu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2430","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3798-y","article-title":"The reversed gap technique produces anatomical alignment with less midflexion instability in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized trial","volume":"24","author":"Matziolis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-020-05909-6","article-title":"Midflexion instability in total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Longo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.96B10.34068","article-title":"Increased satisfaction after total knee replacement using sensor-guided technology","volume":"96-B","author":"Gustke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2316712","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202316712","article-title":"Self-powered flexible sensor array for dynamic pressure monitoring","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005513","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202005513","article-title":"Recent progress in cartilage lubrication","volume":"33","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mser.2009.05.001","article-title":"Calcium phosphate coatings for bio-implant applications: materials, performance factors, and methodologies","volume":"66","author":"Paital","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng R Rep"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100859","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202100859","article-title":"Bio-inspired hybrid dielectric for capacitive and triboelectric tactile sensors with high sensitivity and ultrawide linearity range","volume":"33","author":"Ji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadf8831","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf8831","article-title":"Embedment of sensing elements for robust, highly sensitive, and cross-talk-free iontronic skins for robotics applications","volume":"9","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2021.02.019","article-title":"Iontronic pressure sensor with high sensitivity and linear response over a wide pressure range based on soft micropillared electrodes","volume":"66","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Bull"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2102069","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202102069","article-title":"Cutaneous ionogel mechanoreceptors for soft machines, physiological sensing, and amputee prostheses","volume":"33","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00767-0","article-title":"A soft neuroprosthetic hand providing simultaneous myoelectric control and tactile feedback","volume":"7","author":"Gu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.20517\/ss.2022.17","article-title":"Restoring finger-specific tactile sensations with a sensory soft neuroprosthetic hand through electrotactile stimulation","volume":"2","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soft Sci"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14054-9","article-title":"Graded intrafillable architecture-based iontronic pressure sensor with ultra-broad-range high sensitivity","volume":"11","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"nwae050","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwae050","article-title":"Displacement-pressure biparametrically regulated softness sensory system for intraocular pressure monitoring","volume":"11","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Natl Sci Rev"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107205","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202107205","article-title":"Tackling humidity with designer ionic liquid-based gas sensing soft materials","volume":"34","author":"Esteves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3228","DOI":"10.1021\/la404797g","article-title":"Solubility of poly (methyl methacrylate) in ionic liquids in relation to solvent parameters","volume":"30","author":"Ueno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2101513","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202101513","article-title":"Tough and highly efficient underwater self-repairing hydrogels for soft electronics","volume":"6","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-022-01195-4","article-title":"Tough and stretchable ionogels by in situ phase separation","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211456","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202211456","article-title":"Self-adhesive self-healing thermochromic ionogels for smart windows with excellent environmental and mechanical stability, solar modulation, and antifogging capabilities","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2010199","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202010199","article-title":"Ultra-sensitive and stretchable ionic skins for high-precision motion monitoring","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008849","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202008849","article-title":"Super stretchable and durable electroluminescent devices based on double-network ionogels","volume":"33","author":"Xuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704118","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201704118","article-title":"Inorganic\/organic double-network gels containing ionic liquids","volume":"29","author":"Kamio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.8b02281","article-title":"Specific ion effects in polyampholyte hydrogels dialyzed in aqueous electrolytic solutions","volume":"35","author":"Charaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-024-01848-6","article-title":"Creep-free polyelectrolyte elastomer for drift-free iontronic sensing","volume":"23","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2402386","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202402386","article-title":"Metal-halogen interactions inducing phase separation for self-healing and tough ionogels with tunable thermoelectric performance","volume":"36","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307367","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202307367","article-title":"Strong and ultratough ionogel enabled by ingenious combined ionic liquids induced microphase separation","volume":"33","author":"Tie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2320222121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2320222121","article-title":"Data-driven inverse design of flexible pressure sensors","volume":"121","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51647","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2868132","article-title":"A flexible tactile sensor with good consistency","volume":"6","author":"Chi","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2305121","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202305121","article-title":"Fiber-integrated force sensor using 3D printed spring-composed fabry-perot cavities with a high precision down to tens of piconewton","volume":"36","author":"Shang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003464","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202003464","article-title":"First decade of interfacial iontronic sensing: from droplet sensors to artificial skins","volume":"33","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-021-00600-1","article-title":"Curvy, shape-adaptive imagers based on printed optoelectronic pixels with a kirigami design","volume":"4","author":"Rao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Electron"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2019.08.013","article-title":"Kirigami-inspired strain-insensitive sensors based on atomically-thin materials","volume":"34","author":"Yong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater Today"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09070-8","article-title":"Time-space-resolved origami hierarchical electronics for ultrasensitive detection of physical and chemical stimuli","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18675","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0807476105","article-title":"Materials and noncoplanar mesh designs for integrated circuits with linear elastic responses to extreme mechanical deformations","volume":"105","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-019-0216-y","article-title":"Non-chemisorbed gold\u2013sulfur binding prevails in self-assembled monolayers","volume":"11","author":"Inkpen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Chem"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0017","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-017-0017","article-title":"Competition of van der Waals and chemical forces on gold\u2013sulfur surfaces and nanoparticles","volume":"1","author":"Reimers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Chem"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1002\/app.1970.070141006","article-title":"Hydroxylation of polymethylsiloxane surfaces by oxidizing plasmas","volume":"14","author":"Hollahan","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Appl Polym Sci"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1163\/156856194X00942","article-title":"Plasma treatment of polydimethylsiloxane","volume":"8","author":"Owen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Adhes Sci Technol"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168781401983221","DOI":"10.1177\/1687814019832215","article-title":"A Wiener process\u2013based remaining life prediction method for light-emitting diode driving power in rail vehicle carriage","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Mech Eng"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.150972","article-title":"Facile and dynamic infrared modulation of durable VO2\/CuI films for smart window applications","volume":"488","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"2024121306435210400_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-024-00295-2","article-title":"Ultrafast readout, crosstalk suppression iontronic array enabled by frequency-coding architecture","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Flex Electron"}],"container-title":["National Science Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nsr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/nsr\/nwae351\/59573845\/nwae351.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nsr\/article-pdf\/11\/11\/nwae351\/60912867\/nwae351.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nsr\/article-pdf\/11\/11\/nwae351\/60912867\/nwae351.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T01:44:04Z","timestamp":1734054244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nsr\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/nsr\/nwae351\/7810284"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nsr\/nwae351","relation":{},"ISSN":["2095-5138","2053-714X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2095-5138","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-714X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"article-number":"nwae351"}}