{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:09:57Z","timestamp":1789513797667,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Project of China","award":["2022YFA1204500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFA1204500"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Project of China","award":["2022YFA1204501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFA1204501"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XDB0520200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB0520200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52272047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52272047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011179","name":"ICCAS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011179","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In the face of advancements in microrobotics, intelligent control and precision medicine, artificial muscle actuation systems must meet demands for precise control, high stability, environmental adaptability and high integration miniaturization. Carbon materials, being lightweight, strong and highly conductive and flexible, show great potential for artificial muscles. Inspired by the butterfly's proboscis, we have developed a carbon-based artificial muscle, hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne muscle (HsGDY-M), fabricated efficiently using an emerging hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne (HsGDY) film with an asymmetrical surface structure. This muscle features reversible, rapid and continuously adjustable deformation capabilities similar to the butterfly's proboscis, triggered by the conversion of carbon bonds. The size of the HsGDY-M can be tuned by changing the HsGDY film width from \u223c1\u00a0cm to 100\u00a0\u03bcm. Our research demonstrates HsGDY-M's stability and adaptability, maintaining performance at temperatures as low as \u221225\u00b0C. This artificial muscle was successfully integrated into a robotic mechanical arm, allowing it to swiftly adjust its posture and lift objects up to 11 times its own weight. Its beneficial responsiveness is transferable, enabling the transformation of \u2018inert\u2019 objects like copper foil into actuators via surface bonding. Because of its super sensitive and rapid deformation, HsGDY-M was applied to create a real-time tracking system for human finger bending movements, achieving real-time simulation and large-hand-to-small-hand control. Our study indicates that HsGDY-M holds significant promise for advancing smart robotics and precision medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwae400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T02:43:05Z","timestamp":1731120185000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Bio-inspired carbon-based artificial muscle with precise and continuous morphing capabilities"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research\/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research\/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingjia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266100 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology , Xiangtan 411201 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing 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Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research\/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changshui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research\/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 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