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Yet how viral communities respond to environmental change remain poorly understood. Using metavirome sequencing along an elevation gradient, which serves as an ideal proxy for environmental variations, we reveal the extensive diversity of viruses and expand the information on soil viruses in Africa. Compared to climate pressures associated with increasing elevation, nutritional constraints driven by higher elevation were more closely associated with significant differentiation in viral populations, mainly driven by an increase in both lytic viruses and functional diversity. These findings were consistently supported by field microcosm experiments on the same mountainsides and the global data sets from other mountain regions. With increasing elevation, phages undergo greater diversifying selection, encoded more bacterial life history strategy genes associated with stress tolerance and ruderals\/opportunist, and had a higher proportion of unannotated functions, potentially playing a role in host carbon assimilation in nutrient-poor environments. These findings provide insights into the biogeography and ecological roles of viruses and serve as a foundation for understanding the response of soil viruses to global change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaf374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T15:53:09Z","timestamp":1757346789000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Eco-evolutionary strategies drive viral diversification in nutrient-poor soils across elevation gradients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Da","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Regional and Urban Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen 361021 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 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