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However, optimizing these parameters in sequentially deposited pseudo-bulk heterojunction (p-BHJ) architecture remains challenging, often limited by inefficient self-assembly of organic semiconductors. In this work, a post-treatment combining vacuum and thermal annealing (VTA) is adopted. A range of morphological measurements demonstrate that compared with the traditional thermal annealing (TA) treatment, VTA can accelerate solvent evaporation, promoting the crystallization of acceptor at the top surface and inhibiting excessive intermixing between donor and acceptor, and therefore leads to a more stratified p-i-n configuration with interpenetrated donor\u2013acceptor networks. This morphology modulation enhances carrier mobility and suppresses charge recombination, culminating in a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.5% for binary OSCs. Furthermore, due to the enhanced crystallinity and more compact molecular packing, the optimized film also exhibits exceptional photo and morphological stability, achieving a T80 of over 3900 hours in a conventional ITO\/PEDOT:PSS\/PM6\/L8-BO\/PDINN\/Ag structure, and 54\u2009000\u00a0h in an interfacial-stable ITO\/MoO3\/PM6\/L8-BO\/C60\/BCP\/Ag structure, under the continuous one-sun illumination with a criterion of ISOS-L-1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaf440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T12:10:08Z","timestamp":1760703008000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Vacuum-assisted vertical component distribution in pseudo-bulk heterojunctions: a pathway to high-performance and stable organic solar cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jingchao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Microelectronics, Wuhan University of Technology , 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