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However, the rapid charge recombination in semiconductors limits their potential for achieving high photocatalytic activity. Heterojunctions, including inorganic-inorganic, organic-inorganic, and organic-organic heterojunctions, have proven to be an effective strategy for inhibiting charge recombination. By virtue of the high crystallinity, tunable structure and accessible pore systems of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), COF-based heterojunction photocatalysts have shown appealing prospects for promoting solar-to-energy conversion by improving charge separation, enhancing light-harvesting ability and facilitating photoredox reactions. In this review, the state-of-the-art progress in COF-based heterojunction photocatalysts including their mechanism, classification, synthetic strategies and applications are summarized. In particular, the synergistic effect and charge transfer mechanism as well as the structure\u2013activity relationships of COF-based heterojunctions are thoroughly reviewed. Finally, the challenges and outlooks of COF-based heterojunction photocatalysts are also discussed. It is believed that this review can stimulate inspiration for the future development of efficient COF-based heterojunction photocatalysts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaf462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T12:58:12Z","timestamp":1761656292000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Covalent organic framework-based heterojunction photocatalysts"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jingzhao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Hubei Technology Innovation Center for Advanced Composites, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070 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