{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:07:43Z","timestamp":1792786063610,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32471387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32471387"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["325B2052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["325B2052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015286","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024BCB002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024BCB002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang","award":["2023R01002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023R01002"]}]},{"name":"Distinguished Young Scientists Fund of Zhejiang","award":["LR25H250001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LR25H250001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Targeted modulation of the splenic nerve offers a selective alternative to vagus nerve stimulation, avoiding off-target activation of mixed vagal fibers. However, the small diameter and anatomical complexity of the splenic nerve pose great challenges for stable neural interfacing. Here, we report a splenic nerve wireless stimulator (SpNWS) built from stretchable and highly conductive hydrogel for chronic electroceutical immunomodulation therapy. The hydrogel-fiber neural electrodes conform to the geometries of splenic neurovascular bundles (SNVBs) and are secured using a bioadhesive approach, without inducing fibrosis or immune activation in SNVBs. SpNWSs deliver wireless stimulation using subcutaneously implanted hydrogel thin film as battery-free powering electrodes with a capacitive-coupling effect. In a chronic inflammatory bowel disease rat model, splenic nerve stimulation by an SpNWS significantly reduced colitis severity and restored intestinal immune balance by suppressing TH1\/TH17 responses and enhancing TH2\/Treg activity. This work establishes a bioelectronic platform that combines material compliance, interface adaptability and wireless power delivery to enable organ-specific neuromodulation for electroceutical treatment of refractory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaf557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T13:15:24Z","timestamp":1764854124000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Chronic neurostimulation of splenic nerve enabled by hydrogel-bioelectronics for wireless electroceutical immunomodulation therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wenliang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Research Center for Intelligent Fiber Devices and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, , Wuhan 430030 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renyuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Research Center for Intelligent Fiber Devices and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Research Center for Intelligent Fiber Devices and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingke","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Research Center for Intelligent Fiber Devices and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 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,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhikun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Research Center for Intelligent Fiber Devices and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, , Wuhan 430030 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luyao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, , Wuhan 430030 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaokun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9596-2330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiexiong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, , Wuhan 430030 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung\u2019s disease and allied disorders , Wuhan 430074 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9903-0362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhouguang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3867-6607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Research Center for Intelligent Fiber Devices and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, , Wuhan 430030 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