{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T12:09:43Z","timestamp":1792843783876,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC3701101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3701101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42075094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42075094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42061160478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42061160478"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Over the past decade, China has achieved remarkable progress in mitigating aerosol pollution. However, ozone (O3) pollution still shows a worsening trend, implying that China\u2019s control measures may have been less effective in tackling O3 pollution. Herein, we conduct synchronized observations of O3 and its precursors across 37 cities in the heavily polluted North China Plain (NCP) during the summer of 2021 and apply a unified observation-based model to diagnose O3 formation mechanisms. Our results reveal a significant transition in the urban O3 formation regime, shifting from being primarily volatile organic compound (VOC) limited to VOC\u2013nitrogen oxides (NOx) co-limited across the NCP between the 2010s and the 2020s. Notably, the primary VOC species, their respective sources, and the optimal VOCs\/NOx reduction ratios exhibit remarkable regional consistency. Modeling analyses further indicate that a long-term national \u2018carbon neutrality\u2019 strategy could effectively alleviate O3 pollution, with targeted VOC emission reductions from major anthropogenic sources offering the greatest mitigation potential. These findings underscore the efficacy of China\u2019s endeavors in mitigating O3 pollution, although the effects are not immediately evident from ambient O3 concentrations. O3 pollution control in Chinese cities has reached a critical inflection point, offering considerable flexibility and feasibility in formulating future control policies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaf596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T12:43:45Z","timestamp":1767185025000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Critical transition of urban ozone formation regime in the North China Plain"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Likun","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Research Institute, Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujiao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Research Institute, Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 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,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9161-7086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Research Institute, Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing 100012 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingnan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Research Institute, Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 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