{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T03:12:13Z","timestamp":1784085133776,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFF1206700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFF1206700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U23A20487"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23A20487"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BX20220260"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX20220260"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023M733038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M733038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NIR-II fluorescence imaging provides superior tissue penetration and clarity, yet its clinical use in surgical navigation is hindered by a critical workflow issue. Surgeons must divert their attention between the operative field and external monitors, increasing cognitive load and disrupting procedures. Current strategies have failed to resolve this fundamental problem. Here, we developed a co-axial NIR-II fluorescence projection navigation system to enable real-time, in situ visualization. This system creates an intraoperative augmented reality by directly projecting high-precision, pseudocolored fluorescence images onto the surgical field, spatially integrating functional signals with patient anatomy. Validated through in vitro, in vivo and clinical patient studies, our system eliminates visual field switching, reduces intraoperative distraction and preserves natural stereoscopic vision. This approach represents a paradigm shift toward a more coherent, efficient and ergonomically optimized optical imaging modality for surgical navigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwag158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T15:39:44Z","timestamp":1773329984000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["NIR-II fluorescence projection technology for augmented-reality surgical navigation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yuhuang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310016 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310016 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310016 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310016 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siying","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6763-9616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhe","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310016 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310016 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University , 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