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However, current catalysts used in SOECs show decent electrochemical performance but limited CO2 conversion. Here, in situ exsolution process of the confined RuFe nanoparticles anchored on La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.95Ru0.05O3\u2212\u03b4 perovskite (RuFe\/LSFRu) was revealed, and SOEC using RuFe\/LSFRu as cathode shows a current density of 2.75 A cm\u22122 and a CO2 conversion of 83.4% for direct CO2 electrolysis. Furthermore, the ethane-intensified SOEC employing RuFe\/LSFRu cathode achieves ethane and CO2 conversion of over 95% (CO2\/C2H6\u00a0=\u00a04) and syngas production of 0.91\u00a0L h\u22121\u00a0cm\u22122 by integrating dry ethane reforming process with the reverse water-gas shift and electrolysis reactions. In situ electrochemical diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal that the decomposition of OH* species to produce H2 under the electric \u2018driving force\u2019 is crucial to the increase in H2 selectivity and CO2 conversion. These results highlight the superiority of RuFe\/LSFRu as bi-functional catalyst for direct and ethane-intensified CO2 electrolysis in SOECs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwag265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T11:43:12Z","timestamp":1778326992000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>In situ<\/i>\n                    exsolving RuFe\/La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.95Ru0.05O3\u2212\u03b4 interfaces for direct and ethane-intensified CO2 electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Houfu","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou National Laboratory , Suzhou 215000 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 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