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Conventional ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) hydrogels rely on the global, continuous thermodiffusion of ions (i.e. the Soret effect) across the entire material, which typically yields limited voltages at small temperature differences (\u0394T). Here, we report a hierarchically structured ionic hydrogel that fundamentally alters this paradigm via a \u2018series-integrated micro-thermoelectric cell\u2019 mechanism. By infiltrating a poly(acrylic acid)\/sodium acetate (PAA\/NaOAc) electrolyte into a directionally freeze-cast polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) scaffold, we construct an anisotropic architecture where dense crystalline PVA domains act as ionic blocking layers perpendicular to the thermal gradient. Under an applied temperature difference, ions undergo short-range thermodiffusion within the confined micro-domains, generating local thermovoltage that accumulates in series. Our hierarchical structured ionic hydrogel yields a record-high ionic Seebeck coefficient of 71.3\u00a0mV K\u22121 at minimal temperature gradients (\u0394T\u00a0\u2264\u00a02.0\u00a0K). Crucially, the thermovoltage exhibits a non-linear saturation behavior at elevated \u0394T, revealing a different interfacial charge effect in microstructure-confined ion separation. Combined with exceptional mechanical robustness, this work establishes a transformative paradigm shifting from global ion transport to micro-structural series integration, offering a robust material platform for ultra-sensitive thermal sensing and durable self-powered wearable electronics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwag296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T11:48:10Z","timestamp":1779450490000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Confinement-induced giant ionic thermovoltage at minimal temperature gradients via series-integrated micro-thermoelectric cells in hierarchical hydrogels"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mi","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faqi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liguo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Light Chemical Industry and Materials Engineering, Shunde Polytechnic University , Foshan 528333 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Link\u00f6ping University Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, , Norrk\u00f6ping 601 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