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However, in situ sensing and drug delivery in the oral cavity remain challenging due to biological disparities between electronic devices and oral tissues. Here, we report a flexible, battery-free and hydrogel-based bioelectronics that integrates biological functions and wireless signal transmission for periodontal inflammation monitoring and localized microRNA (miRNA) immunomodulation. The hydrogel, synthesized from gelatin with bioactive peptide sequences cleavable by matrix metalloproteinases, responds specifically to protease activity associated with periodontal disease progression. Its enzymatic degradation is wirelessly transduced into quantitative radio-frequency signals of local immune activity, while simultaneously triggering the release of embedded miRNAs as critical immune regulators. In vitro and animal validations demonstrated diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy, leading to suppression of the inflammatory response. The combination of biosensing, wireless feedback and miRNA-based immunotherapy provides a closed-loop, adaptable platform for personalized management of periodontal and other inflammation-related disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwag409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T15:31:21Z","timestamp":1782919881000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Inflammation-triggered sensing and miRNA immunotherapy with a wireless battery-free hydrogel bioelectronic patch"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhenghan","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Technology and Advanced Medical Instrument, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Taizhou Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Advanced Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of intelligent Medical Decision Support, Taizhou Institute of Zhejiang University , Taizhou 318000 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Innovation Center for Smart Medical Technologies & Devices, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310053 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou 310016 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-ang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Technology and Advanced Medical Instrument, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Technology and Advanced Medical Instrument, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feiyue","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Technology and Advanced Medical Instrument, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 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Intelligent Sensing Technology and Advanced Medical Instrument, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Technology and Advanced Medical Instrument, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingkai","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang 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