{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T03:36:10Z","timestamp":1789443370784,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","funder":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development","award":["IIR-11\u2013291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIR-11\u2013291"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>People with serious mental illness (SMI) have a high smoking prevalence and low quit rates. Few cessation treatments are tested in smokers with SMI. Mental health (MH) providers are reluctant to address smoking. Proactive tobacco cessation treatment strategies reach out directly to smokers to offer counseling and medication and improve treatment utilization and quit rates. The current study is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of proactive outreach for tobacco cessation treatment in VA MH patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants (N = 1938, 83% male, mean age 55.7) across four recruitment sites, who were current smokers and had a MH visit in the past 12 months, were identified using the electronic medical record. Participants were randomized to Intervention (telephone outreach call plus invitation to engage in MH tailored telephone counseling and assistance obtaining nicotine replacement therapy) or Control (usual care). The current study assessed outcomes in participants with SMI (N = 982).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Compared to the Control group, participants assigned to the Intervention group were more likely to engage in telephone counseling (22% vs. 3%) and use nicotine replacement therapy (51% vs. 41%). Participants in the Intervention group were more likely to be abstinent (7-day point prevalence; 18%) at 12 months than participants in the Control group (11%) but equally likely to make quit attempts.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Proactive tobacco cessation treatment is an effective strategy for tobacco users with SMI. Proactive outreach had a particularly strong effect on counseling utilization. Future randomized clinical trials examining proactive tobacco treatment approaches in SMI treatment settings are needed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Few effective treatment models exist for smokers with SMI. Proactive tobacco cessation outreach with connections to MH tailored telephone counseling and medication promotes tobacco abstinence among smokers with SMI and is an effective treatment strategy for this underserved population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]],"date-time":"2020-01-17T20:09:43Z","timestamp":1579291783000},"page":"1433-1438","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Effectiveness of Proactive Tobacco Cessation Treatment Outreach Among Smokers With Serious Mental Illness"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0765-810X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra J","family":"Japuntich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J","family":"Hammett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA HSR&D Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3207-7956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin S","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY"},{"name":"Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA HSR&D Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana J","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA HSR&D Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"El Shahawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne C","family":"Melzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA HSR&D Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siamak","family":"Noorbaloochi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA HSR&D Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott E","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY"},{"name":"Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0001","volume-title":"Definitions and Terms Relating to Co-occuring Disorders. COCE Overview Paper 1","author":"Center for Substance Abuse Treatment","year":"2007"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.188136","article-title":"Smoking characteristics of adults with selected lifetime mental illnesses: results from the 2007 National Health Interview Survey","volume":"100","author":"McClave","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"issue":"1","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201200143","article-title":"Cigarette smoking among persons with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder in routine clinical settings, 1999\u20132011","volume":"64","author":"Dickerson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv."},{"key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0004","article-title":"Royal College of Physicians, Royal College of Psychiatrists","volume-title":"Smoking and mental health.","author":"Aclet","year":"2013"},{"issue":"44","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6744a2","article-title":"Tobacco product use among adults\u2014United States, 2017","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.06.007","article-title":"Smoking and the reduced life expectancy of individuals with serious mental illness","volume":"51","author":"Tam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0007","first-page":"A42","article-title":"Congruencies in increased mortality rates, years of potential life lost, and causes of death among public mental health clients in eight states","volume":"3","author":"Colton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000105996.62105.07","article-title":"Serious cardiovascular events and mortality among patients with schizophrenia","volume":"192","author":"Enger","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2010.12.009","article-title":"Association of psychiatric illness and obesity, physical inactivity, and smoking among a national sample of veterans","volume":"52","author":"Chwastiak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychosomatics."},{"key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h4065","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h4065","article-title":"Smoking cessation and reduction in people with chronic mental illness","volume":"351","author":"Tidey","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000063","article-title":"Treatment of tobacco use disorders in smokers with serious mental illness: toward clinical best practices","volume":"23","author":"Evins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry."},{"issue":"10037","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30272-0","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric safety and efficacy of varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patch in smokers with and without psychiatric disorders (EAGLES): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"387","author":"Anthenelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.10.004","article-title":"Telephone smoking-cessation counseling for smokers in mental health clinics: a patient-randomized controlled trial","volume":"50","author":"Rogers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-007-9113-8","article-title":"Outcome from a community-based smoking cessation program for persons with serious mental illness","volume":"44","author":"Currie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/15504263.2015.1104481","article-title":"Smoking cessation in individuals with serious mental illness: a randomized controlled trial of two psychosocial interventions","volume":"11","author":"Bennett","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dual Diagn."},{"issue":"6","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-011-9411-z","article-title":"Smoking reduction for persons with mental illnesses: 6-month results from community-based interventions","volume":"47","author":"Morris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1080\/15487760903248580","article-title":"A wellness approach to addressing tobacco in mental health settings: learning about healthy living","volume":"12","author":"Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatr Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.4.723","article-title":"Motivational interviewing with personalized feedback: a brief intervention for motivating smokers with schizophrenia to seek treatment for tobacco dependence","volume":"72","author":"Steinberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02545.x","article-title":"Assessing motivation to quit smoking in people with mental illness: a review","volume":"104","author":"Siru","year":"2009","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.01.016","article-title":"Poor mental health and reduced decline in smoking prevalence","volume":"49","author":"Steinberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201700118","article-title":"Cigarette smoking by patients with serious mental illness, 1999\u20132016: an increasing disparity","volume":"69","author":"Dickerson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.284985","article-title":"Trends in smoking among adults with mental illness and association between mental health treatment and smoking cessation","volume":"311","author":"Cook","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"10","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2017.1361823","article-title":"Innovative approaches to support smoking cessation for individuals with mental illness and co-occurring substance use disorders","volume":"11","author":"Das","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.03.002","article-title":"Failure to treat tobacco use in mental health and addiction treatment settings: a form of harm reduction?","volume":"110","author":"Prochaska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"1","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301584","article-title":"Tobacco use screening and treatment by outpatient psychiatrists before and after release of the American Psychiatric Association treatment guidelines for nicotine dependence","volume":"104","author":"Rogers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"issue":"5","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.177","article-title":"Proactive tobacco treatment and population-level cessation: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial","volume":"174","author":"Fu","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207904","article-title":"Proactive tobacco treatment offering free nicotine replacement therapy and telephone counselling for socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers: a randomised clinical trial","volume":"71","author":"Fu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thorax."},{"key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.07.024","article-title":"Proactive tobacco treatment for individuals with and without a mental health diagnosis: secondary analysis of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial","volume":"76","author":"Japuntich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0029","article-title":"A proactive outreach intervention for socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers with serious mental illness: analysis of a randomized clinical trial [published online ahead of print July 30, 2019]","author":"Hammett","year":"2019.","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0030","author":"University of San Diego"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1989.tb03059.x","article-title":"Measuring the heaviness of smoking: using self-reported time to the first cigarette of the day and number of cigarettes smoked per day","volume":"84","author":"Heatherton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Addict."},{"key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.310","article-title":"Screening for serious mental illness in the general population with the K6 screening scale: results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) survey initiative","volume":"19","author":"Kessler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.06.026","article-title":"The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population","volume":"114","author":"Kroenke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1349","article-title":"Validity study of the K6 scale as a measure of moderate mental distress based on mental health treatment need and utilization","volume":"21","author":"Prochaska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.2307\/2533068","article-title":"Parameter estimation from incomplete data in binomial regression when the missing data mechanism is nonignorable","volume":"52","author":"Ibrahim","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biometrics."},{"key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0036","volume-title":"Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update. Clinical Practice Guideline","author":"Fiore","year":"2008"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.3109\/10550490903077747","article-title":"Is implementation of the 5 A\u2019s of smoking cessation at community mental health centers effective for reduction of smoking by patients with serious mental illness?","volume":"18","author":"Dixon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Addict."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-016-9998-1","article-title":"Abstinence and use of community-based cessation treatment after a motivational intervention among smokers with severe mental illness","volume":"52","author":"Ferron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J."},{"issue":"1","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000161","article-title":"The use of peer mentors to enhance a smoking cessation intervention for persons with serious mental illnesses","volume":"39","author":"Dickerson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatr Rehabil J."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-010-9310-8","article-title":"Evaluation of the CHOICES program of peer-to-peer tobacco education and advocacy","volume":"47","author":"Williams","year":"2011","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2010.03.006","article-title":"Comparison of two intensities of tobacco dependence counseling in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder","volume":"38","author":"Williams","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0042","first-page":"271","article-title":"Smoking use and cessation among people with serious mental illness","volume":"88","author":"Annamalai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0043","first-page":"S7","article-title":"Helping smokers with depression to quit smoking: collaborative care with quitline","volume":"195","author":"Segan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med J Aust."},{"issue":"6","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu239","article-title":"Cessation among state quitline participants with a mental health condition","volume":"17","author":"Kerkvliet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntv039","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of a healthy lifestyle intervention among smokers with psychotic disorders","volume":"17","author":"Baker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354918764903","article-title":"Associations between comorbid health conditions and quit outcomes among smokers enrolled in a state quitline, Arizona, 2011\u20132016","volume":"133","author":"Nair","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntz023","article-title":"Feasibility and early outcomes of a tailored quitline protocol for smokers with mental health conditions","volume":"21","author":"Carpenter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"key":"2020082706470880800_CIT0048","volume-title":"About VHA","author":"Veterans Health Administration","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Nicotine &amp; Tobacco Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa013\/32502406\/ntaa013.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/22\/9\/1433\/33687427\/ntaa013.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/22\/9\/1433\/33687427\/ntaa013.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]],"date-time":"2020-08-27T10:47:58Z","timestamp":1598525278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article\/22\/9\/1433\/5709717"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1469-994X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1469-994X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]]}}}